Rum\u00ee takvimle 31 Mart 1325<\/strong>, Milad\u00ee takvimle 13 Nisan 1909\u2019da \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti bask\u0131s\u0131yla ate\u015flenen 4. Avc\u0131 Taburu<\/strong> isyan\u0131na Dervi\u015f Vahdet\u00ee<\/strong> gibi bir\u00e7ok \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ftirakiyle Ayasofya Camii ve Osmanl\u0131 Meclis-i Mebusan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 iktidar\u0131n\u0131 devirebilecek bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015ftu. T\u00fcrkiye tarihinde 28 \u015eubat 1997 Darbesi\u2019ne kadar en \u00e7ok konu\u015fulan kavramlardan biri olan irtica<\/strong> ve m\u00fcrteci <\/strong>ilk kez bu isyan\u0131 ba\u015flatanlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130syan neticesinde Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid tahttan indirildi<\/strong> ve gittik\u00e7e \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdikleri<\/strong> bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nce ‘h\u00fcrriyet kahraman\u0131’ oldular<\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin 2. (Edirne<\/strong>) ve 3. (Makedonya<\/strong>) ordusunu Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeyi ba\u015faran \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 subay ve askerler silah g\u00fcc\u00fcyle me\u015frutiyeti ilan ettirdikten sonra baz\u0131 kesimler onlar\u0131 \u2018H\u00fcrriyet Kahramanlar\u0131<\/strong>\u2019 olarak g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u015eehirle\u015fmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerdeki kitlelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeyi ba\u015faran ve hatta yer yer yar\u0131-asker\u00ee \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelere giden \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nin h\u00fcrriyet devri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n istibdat\u0131\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in tek elden idare etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Balkanlar H\u00fcrriyet havas\u0131na kap\u0131ld\u0131 ve Bosna<\/strong> ilhak edildi, Bulgarlar<\/strong> ve Girit<\/strong> adas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar sevmedikleri sadrazamlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye, ho\u015flanmad\u0131klar\u0131 gazeteleri susturmaya<\/strong> \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lardan en \u00e7ok rahats\u0131z olanlarsa alayl\u0131 askerler<\/strong>di. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mektepli \u0130ttihat ve Terakki askerleri alayl\u0131 askerleri \u015fiddetli bir tasfiye ve bask\u0131 kampanyas\u0131na maruz b\u0131rakt\u0131. 31 Mart \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ba\u015flatanlar da bu alayl\u0131 askerler oldu.<\/p>\n

Faili me\u00e7hul olmayan cinayet<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat ve Terakki muhalifi olan Serbesti<\/strong> Gazetesi<\/strong> Ba\u015fyazar\u0131 Hasan Fehmi Bey<\/strong> Galata K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde faili me\u00e7hul bir \u015fekilde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. (25 Mart 1325 \/ 7 Nisan 1909) Fakat Galata K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn iki ucunda da zab\u0131ta kontrol\u00fc olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. Herkes do\u011fal olarak \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n yar\u0131-asker\u00ee \u00f6rg\u00fctleri<\/strong>nden \u015f\u00fcphelendiler. B\u00f6ylelikle Hasan Fehmi\u2019nin cenazesi binlerce ki\u015finin \u00f6fkeli kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir protestoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0130syanda \u0130tthat\u00e7\u0131 parma\u011f\u0131\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130syana kat\u0131lan \u0130ttihat ve Terakki mensubu zabitlerden biri olan Mustafa Turan\u2019\u0131n iddias\u0131na g\u00f6re 31 Mart sabah\u0131 saat \u00fc\u00e7e do\u011fru gelerken isyan\u0131 ba\u015flatan ve tahrik eden ki\u015fi Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa \u00fcyesi olan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 \u00d6mer Naci Bey\u2019di. Olay gecesi askerleri tahrik i\u00e7in bat\u0131 tarz\u0131 bir asker\u00ee \u015fapka giyimi mecbur k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131 ve sonra taburdaki askerleri tahrik etmek i\u00e7in \u00d6mer Naci devreye girdi. Eski bir \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 olan Mustafa Turan \u00d6mer Naci\u2019nin<\/strong> isyan gecesi Avc\u0131 Taburu \u00e7avu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 tahrik etmek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmay\u0131 hat\u0131rat\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle aktard\u0131: \u201cSizler M\u00fcsl\u00fcman de\u011fil misiniz? \u015eapka giymek ne demek? Din-i m\u00fcbini \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n evlatlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcped\u00fcz gavur yapacaklar<\/strong>, ne duruyorsunuz?!!<\/em>\u201d[1]<\/a> Gazeteci Hasan Fehmi cinayetinden alt\u0131 g\u00fcn sonra 12-13 Nisan (Rumi: 31 Mart) gecesinde, bug\u00fcn \u0130T\u00dc Mimarl\u0131k Fak\u00fcltesi olarak kullan\u0131lan\u00a0 Taksim Ta\u015fk\u0131\u015fla\u2019daki<\/strong> 4. Avc\u0131 Taburu<\/strong> \u015feriat (hukuk) \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla kendi subaylar\u0131n\u0131 hapsetti. 5-6 ve 7. Nizamiye askerleriyle ve Beyo\u011flu top\u00e7u alay\u0131ndaki askerlerle birle\u015ferek Ayasofya Meydan\u0131\u2019na yani Osmanl\u0131 Meclis-i Mebusan\u0131<\/strong>\u2019na y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcler. Dervi\u015f Vahdet\u00ee ve Ahrar F\u0131rkas\u0131 liderli\u011findeki di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 da onlara kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130syan y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Sadrazam H\u00fcseyin Hilmi Pa\u015fa istifa etti.<\/p>\n

\u0130syanc\u0131lar\u0131n talepleri<\/b><\/p>\n

Say\u0131lar\u0131 be\u015f bine yakla\u015fan isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n siyasi talepleri \u015funlard\u0131: H\u00fck\u00fcmetin istifas\u0131<\/strong>, Kamil Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n tekrar sadrazam olmas\u0131<\/strong>, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 subaylar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, \u015feriat\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine daha hassas uyulmas\u0131 ve son olarak da \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong>. Silah zoruyla \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan bir kararname padi\u015fah taraf\u0131ndan da imzaland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul’da \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 av\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130syanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u2019a benzedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini rastgele \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 onlarca cana mal oldu. \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ka\u00e7mak zorunda kalan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 subaylar kendi karargahlar\u0131 ve merkezi olan Selanik ve Manast\u0131r<\/strong>\u2019a ge\u00e7tiler. Edirne ve Manast\u0131r ordular\u0131na mensup askerleri \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Hareket (operasyon) ordusu <\/strong>denilen bu asker\u00ee birlikleri trenle \u0130stanbul\u2019a nakletti (6 Mart \/ 19 Nisan 1909). Ye\u015filk\u00f6y\u2019de kumanday\u0131 Mahmud \u015eevket Pa\u015fa <\/strong>devrald\u0131. Hareket ordusu \u0130stanbul \u015fehrine girdikten sonra birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz asker ve sivilin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u015fehri rahatl\u0131kla teslim ald\u0131. \u0130syana kat\u0131lmasa da geriye sadece Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131<\/strong> ve Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid<\/strong> kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in Su\u00e7u Neydi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n ilan ettirdi\u011fi me\u015frutiyete uyarak isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rmada kendisini geri plana att\u0131 ve kendi muhaf\u0131z alaylar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmedi. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar 31 Mart \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 bir f\u0131rsata \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019i de su\u00e7lu g\u00f6stererek onu hal etmek istediler. Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in 7 kez sadrazam yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Said Pa\u015fa <\/strong>ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ye\u015filk\u00f6y\u2019de toplanan genel mecliste al\u0131nan kararla Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid \u201c\u015fer\u2019\u00ee kitaplar\u0131 yakmak\u201d <\/strong>su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan fetvayla hal edildi.<\/p>\n

Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid Haledili\u015fini Anlat\u0131yor…[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

(Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131) \u201cD\u00f6rt ki\u015fi idiler. Babam\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na s\u0131ra ile durup k\u0131sa birer selam verdiler. Babam mukabele etti. Gelenler Arnavud Esad Toptan\u00ee, Laz Arif Hikmet Pa\u015fa, Ermeni Aram Efendi <\/strong>ve Yahudi Karasu Efendi idi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fta duran Esad Toptani yekte, \u201cMillet seni azletti.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Fetvay\u0131 sonuna kadar dinledi. Fetvan\u0131n okunmas\u0131 bitince, \u201cbu karar\u0131 hangi makam verdi?\u201d, diye Arif Hikmet Pa\u015fa\u2019ya sordu. Arif Hikmet, \u201cMeclis-i Milli\u201d diye cevap verdi. Bunun \u00fczerine babam, \u201cYa… \u00d6yle mi? Bu meclise riyaset eden kimdir?\u201d dedi. Ve Ayan Reisi Said Pa\u015fa oldu\u011fu cevab\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131nca hayret eden bir seda ile, \u201cSaid Pa\u015fa, \u00d6YLE M\u0130?<\/strong>\u201d dedikten sonra \u015fu s\u00f6zleri s\u00f6yledi, \u201cOt\u00fcz \u00fc\u00e7 sene millet ve devletim i\u00e7in<\/strong>, memleketimin selameti i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Elimden geldi\u011fi kadar hizmet ettim. H\u00e2kimim Allah ve beni muhakeme edecek de Rasulullah\u2019d\u0131r. Ne \u00e7are ki d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131m b\u00fct\u00fcn hizmetime kara bir \u00e7ar\u015faf \u00e7ekmek istediler<\/strong> ve muvaffak da oldular.\u201d<\/p>\n

Burada babam sa\u011f aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne atarak, \u201cAllah d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131m\u0131 kahretsin!\u201d dedi. <\/strong>O zaman hepimiz birden \u201c\u00c2M\u0130N!\u201d dedik.<\/p>\n

Sultan Abdulhamid’in son ricas\u0131 reddedildi\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Devrik Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid kendisine hal tebli\u011fi i\u00e7in gelen heyetten son bir ricada bulundu: B\u00fct\u00fcn aile efrad\u0131yla birlikte \u00c7\u0131ra\u011fan Saray\u0131\u2019nda <\/strong>\u00e2hir \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlamak. Fakat \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid tamamen unutulsun diye onu \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n karargah\u0131 <\/strong>olan Selanik\u2019e ailesiyle birlikte s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etti. Daha sonra patlak veren Balkan Harbi\u2019yle birlikte \u0130stanbul Beylerbeyi Saray\u0131\u2019na nakledildi ve 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda hayata veda etti.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Mustafa Turan, Ta\u015f K\u0131\u015flada 31 Mart, s. 62-64.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Bu k\u0131s\u0131m Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 Ay\u015fe Osmano\u011flu\u2019nun hat\u0131rat\u0131 \u201cBabam Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid\u201d, sf. 149-151\u2019den al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rum\u00ee takvimle 31 Mart 1325, Milad\u00ee takvimle 13 Nisan 1909\u2019da \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti bask\u0131s\u0131yla ate\u015flenen 4. Avc\u0131 Taburu isyan\u0131na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16887,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4599],"tags":[2264,905,67,2001],"yoast_head":"\n