Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Emmanuel Macron’un b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi “Frans\u0131z M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131” projesindeki ak\u0131l hocas\u0131\u00a0Hakim El Karoui’yle alakal\u0131 Washington Post gazetesinde \u00f6nemli bir yaz\u0131 kaleme al\u0131nd\u0131. Yaz\u0131da, Macron’un \u00fclkesindeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik politikalar\u0131na dair \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 da var.<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131n\u0131n terc\u00fcmesi:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Ge\u00e7en ay G\u00fcney Fransa\u2019daki ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden polis memurunun \u00fczerine Frans\u0131z bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f tabutunun ba\u015f\u0131nda konu\u015fan Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Emmanuel Macron, su\u00e7lu olarak \u201cyeralt\u0131 \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d ve \u201ctopraklar\u0131m\u0131zda her g\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n beyninin y\u0131kanmas\u0131n\u0131\u201d g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n Sald\u0131r\u0131, Fransa\u2019da zaten tasar\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda olan bir projeye aciliyet kazand\u0131rd\u0131: Macron tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir mesele olan \u0130slam\u2019\u0131, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Fransa\u2019ya entegrasyonunun h\u0131zland\u0131racak ve radikalle\u015fmeyi engelleyecek \u015fekilde yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 fikrini devreye soktu.<\/p>\n Macron \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki aylarda tasar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Bu tasar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnece\u011fini merak edenler \u0130slami geleneklerin Frans\u0131z k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nde gelen savunucular\u0131ndan olan Hakim El Karoui\u2019ye bakabilirler.<\/p>\n Macron\u2019un bu hassas meseledeki sa\u011f kolu Karoui\u2019nin Macron ile benzerlikleri dikkat \u00e7ekici. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 (Macron) gibi, Karoui de Rothschild ailesine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f eski bir yat\u0131r\u0131m bankac\u0131s\u0131, elit ortamlar\u0131n ve “b\u00fcy\u00fck fikirlerin” adam\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck fikirlerin sonuncusu da \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n Fransa\u2019yla ba\u011fda\u015facak \u015fekilde ya\u015fanmas\u0131 ve de \u201cinananlar\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir \u015fekilde, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcksek sesle duyurmadan ya\u015famalar\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n Fakat e\u011fer El Karoui, Macron\u2019un \u0130slam ile Frans\u0131z de\u011ferlerinin nas\u0131l ba\u011fda\u015faca\u011f\u0131na dair fikirlerini temsil eden ki\u015fiyse bu i\u015f zor demektir.<\/em><\/p>\n Frans\u0131z insan haklar\u0131 savunucusu ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman aktivist Yasser Louati \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u201c(Karoui)<\/strong> \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131nda ya\u015fayan birisi de\u011fil, asl\u0131nda bu konuyla ilgisi olan tek \u00f6zelli\u011fi isminin Hakim El Karoui olmas\u0131.<\/strong> Hepsi bu.\u201d<\/p>\n 2015\u2019ten beri, 230\u2019dan fazla ki\u015fi Fransa\u2019da Frans\u0131z veya di\u011fer Avrupal\u0131 vatanda\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen DAE\u015e sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Ayr\u0131ca, radikalle\u015fmeyi ara\u015ft\u0131ran Soufan Center<\/em> verilerine g\u00f6re 1910 Frans\u0131z vatanda\u015f\u0131 da Irak ve Suriye\u2019de \u201ccihada kat\u0131lmaya\u201d gitti.<\/p>\n Fransa bu meseleye nas\u0131l m\u00fcdahale edece\u011fi \u2013ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bu meselede nas\u0131l do\u011fru \u015fekilde rol alabilece\u011fi- \u00fczerine kafa yoruyor. H\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda bu konuda yanl\u0131\u015f ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f vaziyette.<\/p>\n 2016\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmet, daha \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan 13 adet \u201cradikalle\u015fme ile m\u00fccadele\u201d merkezinden ilkini Loire Vadisi\u2019ndeki eski bir \u015fatoda a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu merkezlerde, \u201crisk alt\u0131ndaki\u201d gen\u00e7ler g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak Frans\u0131z tarihini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kapsaml\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frendikleri bir programa tabi tutuluyorlard\u0131<\/strong>. Fakat proje topa tutuldu. Ele\u015ftirmenler program\u0131n gen\u00e7leri ailelerinden ve \u00e7evrelerinden kopard\u0131\u011f\u0131na, \u00e7ok fazla milliyet\u00e7i oldu\u011funa ve bilimsel bir temele dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti. B\u00f6lgenin sakinleri de \u201cter\u00f6ristlerle kom\u015fu kom\u015fuya ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek\u201d protestolara ba\u015flad\u0131. Loire Merkezi 2017\u2019de kapand\u0131. Proje i\u00e7in \u201ctamamen fiyasko\u201d yorumlar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Macron agresif bir g\u00fcvenlik politikas\u0131 izliyor. Ge\u00e7en sene, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc halin baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini daimi \u015fekilde Frans\u0131z Hukuku\u2019na tabi eden bir yasa ge\u00e7irdi. Bunun yan\u0131nda, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ultra-muhafazakar bir yorumu olan Selefizm ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 camilere ve imamlara kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli operasyonlar yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 zamanda, ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fe katk\u0131da bulunmas\u0131 planlanan \u201cFrans\u0131z \u0130slam\u0131\u201d<\/strong> projesine de tekrar yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya istekli g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. 1980\u2019lerden bu yana Frans\u0131z cumhurba\u015fkanlar\u0131 bunu denediler, ama ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131lar. \u015eimdi 40 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Macron di\u011ferlerinin deneyip de yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyi ba\u015farmak i\u00e7in kararl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ve de El Karoui\u2019nin fikirlerinden \u00e7ok\u00e7a etkilenmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Tunuslu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir baba ve Frans\u0131z Protestan bir annenin o\u011flu, ayn\u0131 zamanda eski Tunus ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131ndan birinin ye\u011feni olan El Karoui kendini M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor, fakat dindar biri oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/strong><\/p>\n El Karoui bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nden \u2013hatta baz\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde-\u00a0 modern Frans\u0131z elitinin cisim bulmu\u015f hali.<\/strong> Fransa\u2019daki kat\u0131 laiklik yorumuyla ba\u011fda\u015fan bir \u015fekilde, t\u00fcrban gibi dini simgelere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Karoui t\u00fcrban\u0131 \u201csiyasal bir simge\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n temel de\u011ferlerinden olan e\u015fitli\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu; kad\u0131n-erkek aras\u0131 e\u015fitli\u011fi bozdu\u011funu savunuyor.<\/p>\n 2015\u2019teki Charlie Hebdo sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na kadar Karoui Fransa\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar meselesine ilgili de\u011fildi ve bu tarihten sonra bu konuda ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve yay\u0131nlar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n Fransa\u2019da bug\u00fcn 4.5 milyondan fazla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. Tam say\u0131 bilinemiyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Frans\u0131z din veya \u0131rk \u00fczerine resmi veri toplamay\u0131 reddediyor.<\/p>\n Karoui \u201c\u0130slam: Bir Frans\u0131z Dini\u201d ad\u0131nda bir kitap yazd\u0131.<\/strong> Kitap, Frans\u0131z M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenerek kendi toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu alma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 sebebiyle Frans\u0131z elitleri nezdinde b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Macron gibi finans k\u00f6kenli olan Karoui, meseleye bir finans\u00e7\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla yakla\u015f\u0131yor; sek\u00fcler M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve Muhafazakar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fik tipolojideki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n t\u00fcketimdeki \u201cPazar paylar\u0131\u201d gibi mevzulara de\u011finiyor. Fransa\u2019daki camilere d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerden gelen maddi deste\u011fin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n El Karoui ge\u00e7enlerde Paris\u2019teki ofisinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015fte stratejik bir hata yapt\u0131k. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yabanc\u0131 oldu\u011fu, bu sebeple \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan fonlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi fikrine kap\u0131ld\u0131k.\u201d<\/p>\n Karoui, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n Fransa\u2019da en yayg\u0131n ikinci dil oldu\u011funa ve Fransa\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n %75\u2019inin Fransa do\u011fumlu oldu\u011funa, fakat camilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun paras\u0131 Fas, Cezayir ve T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkelerden geldi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekti. \u201cFrans\u0131z camilerinin yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilmesi fikri \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca.\u201d Karoui Frans\u0131z M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumunun \u00f6rg\u00fctlenerek (Fransa\u2019daki) camileri finanse etmesi gerekti\u011fini savunuyor.<\/p>\n Karoui\u2019nin \u00f6nerileri dindar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve \u0130slamafobi ile sava\u015fan aktivistler taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u00e7a ele\u015ftiriliyor. Bu ki\u015filer, radikalle\u015fmeyi \u201cbir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman problemi\u201d olarak kabul etmesi sebebiyle Karoui\u2019yi su\u00e7luyor ve h\u00fck\u00fcm giyen pek \u00e7ok ter\u00f6ristin dindar bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n Karoui 2016 tarihli \u201cBir Frans\u0131z M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u201d ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 sebebiyle de ele\u015ftiriliyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anketlerin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve toplumun genelini yans\u0131tmayan bir \u00e7evrede yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve de anketteki sorular\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirici oldu\u011fu savunuluyor.<\/p>\n El Karoui ele\u015ftirilere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor: \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ya da Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z en s\u0131k problemlerden biri sorunlarla y\u00fczle\u015febilme yetersizli\u011fi. Su\u00e7 her zaman ba\u015fkas\u0131na aittir. \u2018Benim su\u00e7um de\u011fil. B\u00f6yle bir \u015fey yok. Bu bir komplo. \u0130srail\u2019in su\u00e7u.\u2019 Peki ama ger\u00e7ek ne?\u201d<\/p>\n Fakat Karoui M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zla\u015fma ve radikalle\u015fmesinin di\u011fer \u2013belgelenmi\u015f- sebeplerine kar\u015f\u0131 daha az ilgi duyuyor; e\u011fitim ve istihdam f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayan ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k veya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n orant\u0131s\u0131z \u015fekilde temsil edildi\u011fi Frans\u0131z hapishane sistemi gibi.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca Fransa\u2019n\u0131n temel prensiplerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaya isteksiz duruyor. Ge\u00e7en sene ABD\u2019deki bir toplant\u0131da, t\u00fcrban\u0131n Fransa Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 bir tehdit olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 konusunda s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca, \u201cBu politik bir ger\u00e7eklik. Fransa\u2019y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyece\u011fiz.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Bir k\u0131s\u0131m Frans\u0131z akademisyen i\u00e7in, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dizginleyebilmek i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn bir dini yeniden d\u00fczenlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ba\u015ftan kaybedilmi\u015f bir sava\u015f. Ayr\u0131ca monar\u015fi d\u00f6neminde kalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gereken otoriter bir uygulama.<\/p>\n Floransa\u2019daki European University Insitute (EUI) hocas\u0131 ve Fransa\u2019da \u0130slam konusunda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapan Profes\u00f6r Olivier Roy \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u201cBu projenin a\u00e7\u0131k bir ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 Napolyon D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde uygulanan, Yahudilerin merkeze entegrasyonu projesiydi. Napolyon bu projeyi ba\u015farabildi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc otoriter bir devletin ba\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n (Napolyon 1808 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa\u2019daki b\u00fct\u00fcn Yahudi Cemaatlerini tek \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplayan Consistoire Central Isra\u00e9lite <\/em>ad\u0131nda bir yap\u0131 kurmu\u015ftu. Bu kurum g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de ula\u015ft\u0131.)<\/p>\n \u201cBu proje, 14. Louis ve di\u011fer krallar\u0131n Katolik Kilisesi \u00fczerinde as\u0131l otoriteye sahip olmas\u0131 d\u00f6nemi ile ayn\u0131. O d\u00f6nem bu normal say\u0131labilecek bir uygulamayd\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Krallar\u0131n otoriteyi Tanr\u0131\u2019dan ald\u0131klar\u0131 kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu.<\/strong> Fakat sek\u00fcler bir devletin herhangi bir dine m\u00fcdahale etme hakk\u0131 yoktur. Bu anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir durum olur. \u0130mamlar\u0131n formasyon almas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131, \u2018Frans\u0131z de\u011ferleri ile ba\u011fda\u015fan \u0130slam\u2019 gibi kavramlar\u0131 s\u0131k\u00e7a duyuyoruz. Ama tam olarak nas\u0131l bir \u0130slam ve hangi de\u011ferlerle nas\u0131l ba\u011fda\u015f\u0131yor?\u201d<\/p>\n Baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in de as\u0131l hitap edilmesi gereken problem Frans\u0131z devletinin kurumsal ikiy\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve herkes i\u00e7in e\u015fitlik vadedip pek \u00e7ok defa baz\u0131 vatanda\u015flar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmesi, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llardaki \u201cburkini\u201d yasa\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi.<\/p>\n Radikalle\u015fmeyi azaltma uzman\u0131 Dounia Bouzar \u201cFrans\u0131z M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n sosyal hayatta yeri yok\u201d diyor. \u201cToplum olarak kamusal alanda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Emmanuel Macron’un b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi “Frans\u0131z M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131” projesindeki ak\u0131l hocas\u0131\u00a0Hakim El Karoui’yle alakal\u0131 Washington Post gazetesinde \u00f6nemli bir…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17009,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4594],"tags":[2284,73,2285,2113,67],"yoast_head":"\n