Me\u015fhur \u00e7ikolatalar\u0131, Alp\u2019leri, rengarenk kartpostallar\u0131 ve en \u00f6nemlisi geli\u015fmi\u015f refah d\u00fczeyiyle insanlar\u0131n r\u00fcyalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2026 D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en mutlu \u00fclkeleri s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda ilk 5\u2019te yer alsa da g\u00f6\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 politikalar\u0131 ve \u0130slamofobik yasalar\u0131 bu \u00fclkenin uzaktan g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi masum olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sinyalini veriyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fumuzun \u00e7ocuklu\u011fundan hat\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 yanakl\u0131, basit elbiseli, hi\u00e7 yorulmadan herkesin yard\u0131m\u0131na ko\u015fan k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu Heidi\u2026 Surats\u0131z dedesini bile yola getiren, engelli arkada\u015f\u0131na yard\u0131m eden, kendi gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda olan Peter ile da\u011flarda, tarlalarda ko\u015fturan bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu asl\u0131nda \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin toplumsal tarihinde hat\u0131rlanmak istenmeyen bir ger\u00e7e\u011fin simgesi.<\/p>\n

Evrensel K\u00fclt\u00fcr dergisi<\/p>\n

Heidi\u2019nin yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Johanna Spyri \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin belki de en b\u00fcy\u00fck utanc\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Heidi\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131plak ayaklar\u0131 \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin bir nevi \u201ckurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201d (!) k\u00f6le \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 temsil ediyordu.<\/p>\n

1800\u2019lerden 1970\u2019lere kadar \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de \u00e7ocuk s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn en feci \u00f6rneklerinden biri ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Verdingkinderler\u2026<\/p>\n

Devlet, kiliseyle i\u015f birli\u011fi yaparak devlete borcu olan, bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ya da maddi durumu k\u00f6t\u00fc durumdaki ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 Alplerin eteklerindeki \u00e7iftliklere g\u00f6nderiyordu. Burada \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u201cs\u00f6zle\u015fmeli \u00e7ocuklar\u201d devlete g\u00f6re \u201ckurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar\u201d (verdingkinder) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, aileleriyle evde otururken zorla al\u0131n\u0131yor ve kiraland\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7iftliklerde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fe ko\u015fturuluyordu. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n \u015fehirlerde kurulan pazarlarda k\u00f6le gibi sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da oluyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu sistem hem zengin ailelere hem de devlete kazand\u0131r\u0131yordu. \u00c7ocuklar elit z\u00fcmre i\u00e7in bedava i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc demekti, devlet i\u00e7in ise d\u00f6ner sermayeye katk\u0131yd\u0131. K\u00f6le \u00e7ocuklar ev sahipleriyle ayn\u0131 yemekten yiyemez, ayn\u0131 k\u0131yafetleri giyemezdi; \u00fcstelik ah\u0131rda uyumak zorundayd\u0131lar. Bununla da kalmay\u0131p bu \u00e7ocuklar kiraland\u0131klar\u0131 ailelerde fiziksel ve psikolojik \u015fiddete,\u00a0cinsel tacize maruz kal\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 geri almak isteyen aileler hapse at\u0131l\u0131yor veya onlar da \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 gibi zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu \u015fekilde ailelerin \u00fcst\u00fcnde ciddi bir bask\u0131 olu\u015fturuluyor, \u0131srarc\u0131 olmamalar\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131yordu. Yaln\u0131zca\u00a01930 y\u0131l\u0131nda 30 bin \u00e7ocuk bu \u015fekilde k\u00f6le olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rken toplam say\u0131 ise 100 bini ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc ressam Albert Anker \u0130svi\u00e7re ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tablolar\u0131nda bu \u00e7\u0131plak ayakl\u0131 \u00e7ocuklara \u00e7ok\u00e7a yer vererek g\u00f6rmezden gelinen bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi sanat merakl\u0131s\u0131 zengin z\u00fcmrenin\u00a0\u00f6n\u00fcne sermeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Blick gazetesinin 15 Ekim 2011\u2019deki haberinde, 76 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki\u00a0Hugo Zingg, Der<\/em>\u00a0Verdingbub\u00a0<\/em>filminden cesaret alarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u201cBen de o cehennemi ya\u015fad\u0131m!<\/em>\u201d Bu a\u00e7\u0131klama \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin insanlar\u0131n en masumane y\u0131llar\u0131 olan \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6nemlerini nas\u0131l karartt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6stergesiydi. The Local Switzer\u2019\u0131n haberine g\u00f6re, konu dillendirilmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca \u0130svi\u00e7re 2013\u2019te \u201cverdingkinder\u201dlerden \u00f6z\u00fcr dilemek zorunda kald\u0131.\u00a0Ama hi\u00e7bir \u00f6z\u00fcr o cehenneme d\u00f6nen hayatlar\u0131 kurtaramaz!<\/p>\n

Merve G\u00f6khan\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Me\u015fhur \u00e7ikolatalar\u0131, Alp\u2019leri, rengarenk kartpostallar\u0131 ve en \u00f6nemlisi geli\u015fmi\u015f refah d\u00fczeyiyle insanlar\u0131n r\u00fcyalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2026 D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en mutlu \u00fclkeleri s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21639,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4598],"tags":[2931,90,137,2932,67],"yoast_head":"\n