Tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131 olan II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 (1939-1945)\u2019na T\u00fcrkiye kat\u0131lmazken T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde yer alan Kazan ve K\u0131r\u0131m Tatarlar\u0131, Ba\u015fkurtlar, \u00c7uva\u015flar, Sibirya T\u00fcrkleri, Kazaklar, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, \u00d6zbekler, T\u00fcrkmenler, Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri, Ah\u0131ska T\u00fcrkleri, Kara\u00e7ay-Balkarlar, Gagavuzlar vd. Sovyet ordusu mensubu olarak Nazi Almanyas\u0131\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6n safta sava\u015ft\u0131lar. Bu korkun\u00e7 sava\u015fa K\u0131br\u0131s, Yunanistan, Yugoslavya ve Romanya\u2019daki T\u00fcrkler de kendi \u00fclke ordular\u0131nda kat\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

K\u0131z\u0131lordu\u2019da T\u00fcrkler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kendisi de K\u0131z\u0131lordu\u2019da asker olan ve Alman esir kamplar\u0131nda iki defa kur\u015funa dizilmekten kurtulan Prof.Dr. Baymirza Hayit\u2019in verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re; 1935 sonuna kadar T\u00fcrkistan T\u00fcrkleri Sovyet ordusuna al\u0131nm\u0131yorlard\u0131. 1935\u2019te kabul edilen \u201cSovyet Ordusuna Seferber Etme\u201d kanunuyla 1935-38 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda az say\u0131da T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131l Orduya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1939 sonunda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile Finlandiya sava\u015f\u0131 sebebiyle T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131lar\u0131n askere al\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haziran 1941\u2019de Almanya ile ba\u015flayan sava\u015f\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda (1941-43) K\u0131z\u0131l Orduda takriben 4.847.775 T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 bulunuyordu. Seferberlikte 18-65 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndakiler silah alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bunlar, K\u0131z\u0131l Ordunun 6 askeri b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6nderildiler. Minsk ve Kyev b\u00f6lgelerinde 997.802 nefer, Moskova, Leningrad, Uzak\u015fark ve Kuzey Kafkas b\u00f6lgelerinde 1.175.802 T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 asker bulunmakta idi.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

K\u0131z\u0131l Ordudaki T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 askerler<\/strong>in b\u00f6lgesel da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u015fu manzaray\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz: II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n hemen \u00f6ncesinde K\u0131z\u0131l Orduda 170.000 Kazakistanl\u0131<\/strong> asker varken 1941-1945 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 1.210.000 ki\u015fi orduya celpedilmi\u015f ve 681.000 ki\u015finin sava\u015f\u0131n ilk bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l\u0131nda silah alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. K\u0131rg\u0131zistan<\/strong>\u2019dan 365.000 asker \u00e7e\u015fitli cephelere g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f ve bunlar\u0131n 160.000\u2019i cephelerde hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 Sovyetler Birli\u011fi i\u00e7in feda etmi\u015ftir.\u00a0\u00d6zbekistan<\/strong>\u2019dan ise 1.500.000 \u00d6zbek Almanya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00d6zbekistan n\u00fcfusunun %22\u2019sine tekab\u00fcl etmekte idi. Sava\u015fa kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybederken 640.000 civar\u0131ndaki \u00d6zbek de yaraland\u0131. II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda T\u00fcrkmenler<\/strong> iki cephede sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve bu sava\u015fta 350.000\u2019den fazla T\u00fcrkmen yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re; 1941-1945 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Tataristan<\/strong>\u2019dan 700.000 ki\u015fi silah alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Ba\u015fkurdistan\u2019<\/strong>dan ise 710.000 ki\u015fi cepheye g\u00f6nderildi ve bunlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Sava\u015f sonunda 200.000\u2019den fazla Ba\u015fkurdistanl\u0131 er ve subay \u00e7e\u015fitli madalyalarla \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 askerler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sava\u015f \u00f6ncesinde K\u0131z\u0131l Orduda \u201cT\u00fcrkistan\u201d ve \u201cMerkezi Asya\u201d ad\u0131nda b\u00f6lgeler mevcuttu ve Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201cmilli askeri birlikler\u201d de\u011fi\u015fik cephelerde kendi milletlerinden subaylar\u0131n emirleri alt\u0131nda sava\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ancak Stalin Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan bir ka\u00e7 ay sonra bu birlikleri da\u011f\u0131t\u0131p farkl\u0131 milletlerden \u201ckar\u0131\u015f\u0131k birlikler\u201d kurdurdu. Bu uygulama T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131larla Slav as\u0131ll\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131l ordu mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirmeyi hedefliyordu ama ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sovyet Ordusundaki T\u00fcrkistan askerlerinin \u00f6zelliklerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Sovyetlerin Bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak morale sahip de\u011fillerdi. Bol\u015fevizm-Stalinizm ter\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn hat\u0131ralar\u0131 \u00e7ok canl\u0131 idi. T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 askerlerin \u00e7o\u011fu Rus\u00e7a bilmedikleri i\u00e7in \u201ckar\u0131\u015f\u0131k birlikler\u201dde \u201cikinci s\u0131n\u0131f asker\u201d muamelesi g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu, Rus komutanlar\u0131n verdi\u011fi pek\u00e7ok emir anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131yor, T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 askerlerin kafas\u0131nda \u201cneden burday\u0131m?\u201d suali cevap bulmuyordu.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan Almanlara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan birliklerin e\u011fitimi ve techizat\u0131 da yetersizdi. Stalin tasfiyeleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden orduda subay bulunam\u0131yordu. K\u0131z\u0131l orduda cepheye g\u00f6nderilen askerlerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u00a0t\u00fcfek yoktu.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Barbarossa Harekat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

22 Haziran 1941 g\u00fcn\u00fc Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Barbarossa Harekat\u0131\u2019na 3 milyon 200 bin asker 600 bin motorlu ara\u00e7 kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m h\u0131z\u0131yla hareket eden Alman kuvvetler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Sovyet K\u0131z\u0131lordusu varl\u0131k g\u00f6steremeyip b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131p ve esir verdi. 28 Ekim 1941<\/strong>\u2019de Hitler\u2019i karargah\u0131nda ziyaret eden az say\u0131da yabanc\u0131dan biri olan General H\u00fcsn\u00fc Emir Erkilet<\/strong>\u2019e\u00a0 bizzat Hitler<\/strong>, Sovyetlerden 3,5 milyon esir ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu[4]<\/a>. Alman sava\u015f dairelerinin verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re ise Bat\u0131 cephesinde Almanya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lordu saflar\u0131nda 2 milyona yak\u0131n T\u00fcrkistan askeri bulunmakta idi[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

II.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli yeri olan ABD\u2019li Alexander Dallin<\/strong> de resmi Alman verilerine dayanarak, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu Cephesinde, sava\u015f boyunca ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 esir say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 5 milyon 162 bin olarak vermektedir. Bunlar\u0131n 1.981.000 kadar\u0131n\u0131n kamplarda \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, nakiller veya kay\u0131p olarak kaydedilenlerle birlikte bu rakam\u0131n 3 milyonun \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. Sa\u011f kalan esirlerden 818 bin kadar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli lejyonlarda Sovyetlere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f kalanlar ise Do\u011fulu \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

Prof.Dr. Nadir Devlet<\/strong> de Alman tarih\u00e7ilerin 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Sovyet esirlerinin toplam say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 5 milyon 750 bin oldu\u011funu ve bunlar\u0131n 3 milyon 300 bininin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kabul edildi\u011fini yazmaktad\u0131r[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Abd\u00fclvahap Kara<\/strong>, Paul Carrel<\/strong>\u2019in, Barbarossa Harekat\u0131<\/em> kitab\u0131na dayanarak Alman kamplar\u0131ndaki esirlerin 1 milyondan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Alman Esir Kamplar\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alman esir kamplar\u0131 Sovyetlerle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fu Cephesine yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde, Do\u011fu Prusya, Polonya ve Ukrayna\u2019da kuruldu. Bunlar; Hanover yak\u0131n\u0131nda Oerbke<\/strong> ve Bergen-Belsen<\/strong>, Do\u011fu Prusya\u2019da Thorn<\/strong>, Prostkan, Suvalki<\/strong>, Schirwindt, Metziken, Pogegen<\/strong> ve Ebenrode<\/strong>, Polonya ve Ukrayna\u2019daki Lemberg, Jaroslau, Kochanovka, Kirovgrad, Legionova, Siedlce, Svatov, Krakav, Deba, Uman<\/strong> ve Samosch<\/strong> sadece baz\u0131lar\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

Alman Do\u011fu Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve T\u00fcrk Esirlerle ilgili komisyonun ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirilen T\u00fcrkistan Milli Hareketinin Avrupa\u2019daki temsilcisi \u00a0Mustafa \u00c7okay<\/strong>, 26 A\u011fustos 1941\u2019de ziyaret etti\u011fi Oerbke ve Bergen-Belsen kamplar\u0131yla ilgili izlenimleri \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00c7okay, esir kamplar\u0131nda hayat \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r oldu\u011fu, yiyecek, i\u00e7ecek, giyecek ve bar\u0131nak s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n had safhada bulundu\u011funu kaydetmi\u015fti. A\u00e7l\u0131k sebebiyle esirler \u00f6len arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcrek ve ci\u011ferlerini yiyerek hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131na \u015fahit olan \u00c7okay, bu duruma \u015fahit olmaktansa \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f olmay\u0131 ye\u011fledi\u011fini yaz\u0131yordu.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kamplarda bu feci hadise resmi raporlarda da yer bulmu\u015ftu; Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler Y\u00fcksek Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorumlulu\u011fundaki Polonya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Lamsdorf\u2019taki 318 numaral\u0131 sava\u015f esiri kamp\u0131yla ilgili resmi raporda;<\/p>\n

\u201cTemmuz 1941 sonundan itibaren sava\u015f esirleri kald\u0131klar\u0131 yerleri kaz\u0131p yiyecek ar\u0131yorlard\u0131. Verilenler bu alt insanlar i\u00e7in yeterli olmaktan \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131. \u0130lk haftalarda, esirlerin hayvanlara benzer \u015fekilde, otlar\u0131, \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri ve \u00e7i\u011f patatesleri yedikleri g\u00f6zlemleniyordu. Sovyet esirler, arazide yiyecek bir\u015fey bulamad\u0131klar\u0131nda insan yemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.\u201d[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

Esir kamplar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksekti. Herhangi uluslarars\u0131 kurulu\u015fun da bu esirlere ula\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 esirlerin lideri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen Veli Kayyum Han\u2019\u0131n pek\u00e7ok kamplar hakk\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlar da kamplarda ya\u015fanan insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 durumu belgeliyordu. Alman Ordusu Propaganda \u015eubesi 10 Kas\u0131m 1942 tarihinde bir mesaj yay\u0131nlayarak kamplarda ya\u015fanan a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorumlusunun Stalin oldu\u011funu iddia edecekti.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Esirlere \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m <\/strong><\/p>\n

Stalin, K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu askerlerinin asla d\u00fc\u015fman eline d\u00fc\u015fmeyece\u011fini varsayarak, sava\u015f esirlerin durumunu d\u00fczenleyen 1929 Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini imzalamay\u0131 reddetmi\u015fti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da Almanlar\u0131, Sovyet sava\u015f esirlerine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 muamelede kendilerini ba\u011flayan hi\u00e7bir uluslararas\u0131 hukuk kural\u0131 yoktu. Bu bo\u015flu\u011fu Almanlar\u0131n yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Sovyet sava\u015f esirlerine nas\u0131l davran\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen talimatlar doldurmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu talimatlar, Nazi \u0131rk teorisine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Alman \u0131rk\u0131yla e\u015f de\u011fer olmamakla birlikte Almanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir<\/strong> (eindeutschungsfahig) g\u00f6r\u00fclen Letonyal\u0131lar, Estonyal\u0131lar, Litvanyal\u0131lar ve Finlerin en yak\u0131n zamanda evlerine g\u00f6nderilmelerini sal\u0131k veriyordu. Eyl\u00fcl 1941\u2019den itibaren bu uluslar i\u00e7in tahliyeler ba\u015flad\u0131. Ukrayna, Belorusya ve Rusya\u2019da ya\u015fayan Slav halklar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u0131rk<\/strong> (untermensch) olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyordu. Nazi \u0131rk s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda Asyal\u0131lar ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkler de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u0131rk<\/strong> olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Alman tarih\u00e7i Patrik von zur M\u00fchlen<\/strong>, Sovyetler Birli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, Alman propagandas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daima \u201ca\u015fa\u011f\u0131 insan\u201da kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u201cha\u00e7l\u0131 seferi<\/strong>\u201d olarak yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bundan dolay\u0131 bu propagandan\u0131n tesirinde kalan bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n bili\u00e7 alt\u0131n\u0131 zehirlemi\u015f ve onlar\u0131n bu Asyal\u0131 esirlere kar\u015f\u0131 olan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkilemi\u015f oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

Alman esir kamplar\u0131ndaki Sovyet sava\u015f esirlerinin y\u00fcksek \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131 bu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mla irtibatl\u0131 idi. Alman Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler Y\u00fcksek Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Nazi Partisinin resmi \u0131rk ideolojisine paralel olarak, Sovyet ve Asyal\u0131 esirlere \u00f6zellikle k\u00f6t\u00fc davranmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a emretmi\u015fti. \u00d6l\u00fcmlerin en \u00f6nemli sebebi bu emirlerin uygulanmas\u0131 olarak belirtilmi\u015fti. Kamplarda meydana gelen y\u00fcksek \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin ikinci sebebi; esirlerin haftalar boyunca s\u00fcren, uzun mesafeli yol y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye zorlanmalar\u0131 ki bu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fte gruptan geri kalanlar arkadan gelen motorize birlikler taraf\u0131ndan vuruluyordu. Yetersiz beslenme, a\u011f\u0131r k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131, yetersiz hijyen ve t\u0131bbi malzemeden kaynakl\u0131 salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na etki eden di\u011fer \u00f6nemli gerek\u00e7elerdi.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, esir kamplar\u0131nda binlerce M\u00fcsl\u00fcman esir, s\u00fcnnetli olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Yahudi zannedilerek kur\u015funa dizildi\u011fi ya da \u00f6l\u00fcme terk edildi\u011fi de bilinmektedir.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

Son S\u00f6z ve \u00d6neriler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130yimser bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda takribi bir milyon M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk asker, Alman esir kamplar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn esaret hukuk kurallar\u0131 hi\u00e7e say\u0131larak ya kur\u015funa dizilmi\u015fler yahut yava\u015f\u00e7a \u00f6lmeleri sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belki bundan daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc ise bu katliam\u0131n unutulmu\u015f ve unutturulmu\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kadar insan istatistiklerde dahi belirgin bir yer te\u015fkil etmemektedirler. Alman kamplar\u0131nda sadece Yahudilerin de\u011fil T\u00fcrklerin de toplu imha edildi\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fini insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n vicdan\u0131na kaz\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in daha fazla ge\u00e7 kal\u0131namaz\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f su\u00e7lar kapsam\u0131na giren bu katliamlar zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011framamaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu su\u00e7un tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, ders kitaplar\u0131na girmesi ve ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n ailelerine tazminat \u00f6detilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede bir yandan uluslararas\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 \u00e7evreleri harekete ge\u00e7irilmeli di\u011fer yandan olay\u0131n hukuki ba\u011flamda takibi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Belki ilk i\u015f “II.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 Ma\u011fdurlar\u0131 Platformu”<\/em> kurmak olabilir.<\/p>\n

Ali Satan\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Baymirza Hayit, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ndeki T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n Baz\u0131 Meseleleri,<\/em> \u0130stanbul 1987, s.200<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Geni\u015f Bilgi i\u00e7in Bkz. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/em>, Yay. Haz. Nesrin Sar\u0131ahmeto\u011flu-\u0130lyas Kemalo\u011flu, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Belediyeler Birli\u011fi Yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2016.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Halil Burak Sakal, Ba\u015fka Bir D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/em>, \u0130stanbul 2013, s.144-145<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> H.E.Erkilet, \u015eark Cebhesinde G\u00f6rd\u00fcklerim (F\u00fchrerle Tarihi M\u00fclakat<\/em>), \u0130stanbul 1943, s.221<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Hayit, s. 201<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Alexander Dallin, La Russie sous le botte Nazie<\/em>, Librairie Arth\u00e9me Fayard, Paris 1970, s.311 Nakleden Ahat Andican, Cedidizm\u2019den Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa Hari\u00e7te T\u00fcrkistan M\u00fccadelesi,<\/em> \u0130stanbul 2003, s.489-490<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>Nadir Devlet, \u201cStalinizme Kar\u015f\u0131 Almanya\u2019da Olu\u015fturulan Lejyonlar\u201d, Stalin ve T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/em>,(Ed.E.G.Nasgali-L. \u015eahin) \u0130stanbul 2007, s.103<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Abd\u00fclvahap Kara, \u201cII.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda Nazi Esir Kamplar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkistan Askerleri\u201d, Zindanlar ve Mahkumlar, <\/em>Ed.Emine G\u00fcrsoy Nasgali-Hilal Oytun Altun, Istanbul 2006, s.265 dp.2<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Abdulvahap Kara, \u201cII.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda Nazi Esir Kamplar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 Askerler\u201d, Zindanlar ve Mahkumlar<\/em>, Ed. Emine G\u00fcrsoy-Naskali-Hilal Oytun Altun, \u0130stanbul 2006, s.266<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> George H. Streit, The Waffen-SS: Hitler\u2019s Elite Guard at War 1939-1945<\/em>, Cornell University Press, Londra 1986, s.135 Aktaran, Sakal 151-152<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Sakal, 154-156<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Patrik von zur M\u00fchlen, Gamal\u0131ha\u00e7 ile K\u0131z\u0131ly\u0131ld\u0131z Aras\u0131nda<\/em>, \u00c7ev. E\u015fref Bengi \u00d6zbilen, Ankara 1984, s.41<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Halil Burak Sakal, Ba\u015fka Bir D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/em>, \u0130stanbul 2013, s.152-153<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> M\u00fchlen, s.41-42<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131 olan II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 (1939-1945)\u2019na T\u00fcrkiye kat\u0131lmazken T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde yer alan Kazan ve…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2785,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4598],"tags":[69,344,90,67,146],"yoast_head":"\n