\u0130slam bilincinin uyand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131n \u00fclkedeki di\u011fer halklarla e\u015fit say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren m\u00fccadele eden Aliya \u0130zetbegovi\u00e7, S\u0131rp ve H\u0131rvatlar\u0131n Bosna Hersek’i aralar\u0131nda payla\u015fmak amac\u0131yla 1990’larda ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131larda da \u00fclkesinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Aliya \u0130zetbegovi\u00e7, Mustafa ve Hiba \u00e7iftinin be\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fundan biri olarak 8 A\u011fustos 1925’te Bosanski Samac \u015fehrinde do\u011fdu. 3 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken ailesiyle Saraybosna’ya ta\u015f\u0131nan ve e\u011fitimini burada tamamlayan Aliya, daha gen\u00e7lik d\u00f6nemlerinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusa y\u00f6nelik ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan isimler aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 devam ederken, H\u0131rvatistan’daki fa\u015fist Usta\u015fa rejimi Bosna Hersek’i ilhak ederek burada Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z H\u0131rvatistan Devleti’ni (NDH) kurdu. \u00dclkedeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar “H\u0131rvat” ilan edilirken, Yahudi, S\u0131rp ve Romanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck zul\u00fcmlere maruz kald\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bo\u015fnaklar ile rejimle ayn\u0131 fikirde olmayan H\u0131rvatlar da bu zul\u00fcmden nasibini ald\u0131. Di\u011fer yandan, “\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131” S\u0131rplar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00c7etnik hareketi de etkin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 katletmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7etniklerin ana hedefi, S\u0131rp olmayan t\u00fcm milletleri bu co\u011frafyadan tamamen temizlemekti.<\/p>\n

Aliya, eski Yugoslavya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, ana amac\u0131 \u00fclkedeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131 dini ve milli konularda bilin\u00e7lendirmek olan “Gen\u00e7 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar” isimli olu\u015fumun \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan isimleri aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Bu hareket, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00fclkedeki di\u011fer etnik ve dini gruplarla e\u015fit haklar elde etmesini ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00c7etnik ve Usta\u015falar\u0131n y\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman evlerinin ve camilerin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk hapis cezas\u0131<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n akabinde kurulan Yugoslavya Federal Halk Cumhuriyeti, fa\u015fizme galip gelse de dini ve milli konularda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131n sorunlar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmad\u0131. Aralar\u0131nda Aliya’n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu “Gen\u00e7 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar” olu\u015fumunun baz\u0131 \u00fcyeleri, “din bilincinin uyand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131” y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki faaliyetleri nedeniyle 1946’da tutukland\u0131. 21 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Aliya, 3 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Cezaevinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra Ziraat Fak\u00fcltesine kaydolan Aliya, 2 y\u0131l sonra ise Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesine ge\u00e7ip buradan mezun oldu.<\/p>\n

Halida ile 1949’da d\u00fcnyaevine giren Aliya’n\u0131n Leyla, Sabina ve Bakir adlar\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fu oldu.<\/p>\n

Marksist-Leninist g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahip Josip Broz Tito liderli\u011findeki eski Yugoslavya d\u00f6neminde de insan haklar\u0131 m\u00fccadelesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Aliya, “Preporod”, “Takvim” ve “Glasnik” gibi gazete ve mecmualarda kimli\u011fini if\u015fa etmeden yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131. Aliya yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f harflerinden olu\u015fan “LSB” mahlas\u0131 ile yay\u0131mlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durumla yak\u0131ndan ilgilenen Aliya, 1960’larda yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “\u0130slam Deklarasyonu” isimli eserini 1970’te yay\u0131mlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

“Saraybosna S\u00fcreci” ve ikinci hapis d\u00f6nemi<\/p>\n

Tito’nun 1980’de \u00f6lmesiyle Yugoslavya’da a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i s\u00f6ylemler yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. O y\u0131llarda ceza kanununa “ifade su\u00e7u” da eklendi. Aliya, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Aras\u0131nda \u0130slam” isimli eseri yay\u0131mlanmadan hemen \u00f6nce, 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda beraberindeki 12 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ayd\u0131nla tutukland\u0131.<\/p>\n

“Saraybosna S\u00fcreci” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan tarihi dava ba\u015flad\u0131. Aliya ve di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ayd\u0131nlar, ifade su\u00e7undan ve organize \u00f6rg\u00fct kurarak d\u00fc\u015fmanca faaliyette bulunmaktan su\u00e7lu bulundu. Aliya’n\u0131n mahkumiyet karar\u0131, “\u0130slam Deklarasyonu” isimli kitab\u0131ndaki ifadelerine dayand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Aliya, 14 y\u0131l hapse mahkum edildi.<\/p>\n

Cezaevinde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde de yazmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Aliya, “\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe Ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131m – Zindandan Notlar: 1983-1988” isimli eserini burada kaleme ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Aliya, 1988’de afla serbest kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Demokratik Eylem Partisinin ilk genel ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi<\/p>\n

Aliya, 1990’da kurulan ve bug\u00fcn de Bosna Hersek’teki en b\u00fcy\u00fck Bo\u015fnak partisi konumundaki Demokratik Eylem Partisinin (SDA) ilk genel ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. SDA, ilk \u00e7ok partili se\u00e7imde Bosna Hersek’te en \u00e7ok oyu al\u0131rken, Aliya da eski Yugoslavya’daki 6 sosyalist cumhuriyetten biri olan Bosna Hersek’in ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Yugoslavya’n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Bosna’daki sava\u015f<\/p>\n

Yugoslavya, 1990’lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda par\u00e7alanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yugoslav Halk Ordusu (JNA) 1991’de Slovenya’da \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 provoke ederken, k\u0131sa bir zaman sonra H\u0131rvatistan’da da \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, 1991’de Bosna Hersek’in Ravno ve Popovo k\u00f6ylerine de s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yugoslavya’n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine girmesiyle Bosna Hersek’te de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k meselesi g\u00fcndeme geldi. Daha sonra Bosna’daki sava\u015fta i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7lardan m\u00fcebbet hapse mahkum edilecek olan S\u0131rp siyaset\u00e7i Radovan Karadzic, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k fikrine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karken sava\u015f olmas\u0131 halinde \u00fclkedeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yok olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyordu.<\/p>\n

Tarihi “ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k” referandumu 29 \u015eubat-1 Mart 1992’de yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rplar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun boykot etti\u011fi referanduma kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 99,7’si ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Bosna Hersek i\u00e7in “evet” dedi.<\/p>\n

Referandumun ard\u0131ndan JNA ve silahland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 paramiliter S\u0131rp gruplar, Bosna Hersek’in farkl\u0131 \u015fehirlerinde sald\u0131r\u0131lar ba\u015flatt\u0131. Aliya, t\u00fcm Bosnal\u0131lar\u0131 bu sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 koymaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k yanl\u0131lar\u0131 Aliya’n\u0131n liderli\u011finde \u00e7etin bir m\u00fccadele veriyordu.<\/p>\n

S\u0131rp paramiliter gruplar, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar dahil sivillere y\u00f6nelik b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar yap\u0131yordu. \u0130nsanlar evlerinden s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor, kad\u0131nlara tecav\u00fcz ediliyor, \u0130slam’a ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara dair ne varsa yok ediliyor, toplama kamplar\u0131nda sivillere ak\u0131l almaz i\u015fkenceler yap\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunanlar, kuzeyde ve do\u011fuda S\u0131rplara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131rken, g\u00fcneyde ve bat\u0131da ise H\u0131rvatlarla \u00e7etin bir m\u00fccadele veriyordu.<\/p>\n

S\u0131rp g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan 3,5 y\u0131l ku\u015fatma alt\u0131nda tutulan ba\u015fkent Saraybosna’n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Prijedor, Bijelina, Zvornik, Visegrad, Srebrenitsa, Fo\u00e7a gibi bir\u00e7ok \u015fehirde b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar, soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n bilan\u00e7osu a\u011f\u0131r oldu<\/p>\n

Dayton Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile 1995’te sona eren sava\u015f\u0131n bilan\u00e7osu \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r oldu. 200 bine yak\u0131n ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybederken, 1 milyondan fazlas\u0131 evini terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015fma ile Bosna Hersek iki entite (Bosna Hersek Federasyonu ve S\u0131rp Cumhuriyeti) ile Br\u00e7ko \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi’ne ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Bosna Hersek Federasyonu da 10 kantondan olu\u015facakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Aliya, silahlar\u0131 sustursa da \u00fclkeye karma\u015f\u0131k bir siyasi yap\u0131 getiren Dayton’a ili\u015fkin, “Bu adil bir bar\u0131\u015f de\u011fil ancak sava\u015f\u0131n s\u00fcrmesinden daha iyidir.” ifadelerini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Aliya \u0130zetbegovi\u00e7 “ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z” Bosna Hersek’in ilk cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve daha sonra yeni siyasi yap\u0131da Devlet Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Konseyinin ilk ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Aliya, 19 Ekim 2003’te vefat etti<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 nedeniyle 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Devlet Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Konseyindeki g\u00f6revinden istifa eden Aliya, partisinin 2001’deki kongresinde de genel ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa aday olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bosna Hersek halk\u0131na uluslararas\u0131 arenada tan\u0131nan, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve egemen bir devlet b\u0131rakan Aliya, 19 Ekim 2003’te ba\u015fkent Saraybosna’da hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n

Vefat\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Aliya’n\u0131n son g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devlet adam\u0131 ise Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan oldu.<\/p>\n

Cenazesine farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerden 150 binden fazla ki\u015finin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bo\u015fnak lider, vefat\u0131ndan \u00f6nce “\u015fehitlerin aras\u0131nda m\u00fctevazi bir mezara defnedilmek istedi\u011fini” vasiyet etmesi \u00fczerine Saraybosna’daki Kova\u00e7i \u015eehitli\u011fi’ne g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Fikir adam\u0131 ki\u015fili\u011fiyle de tan\u0131nan Aliya, ard\u0131nda “Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Aras\u0131nda \u0130slam”, “\u0130slam Deklarasyonu”, “\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe Ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131m”, “Tarihe Tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131m” ve “K\u00f6le Olmayaca\u011f\u0131z” gibi eserler b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130slam bilincinin uyand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131n \u00fclkedeki di\u011fer halklarla e\u015fit say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren m\u00fccadele eden Aliya \u0130zetbegovi\u00e7, S\u0131rp…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":35170,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4594],"tags":[2563,182,67],"yoast_head":"\n