Fransa’n\u0131n Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci tarihinin en g\u00fcncel ve en kanl\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fini te\u015fkil eden Cezayir, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 milyon cana mal olan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bundan tam 66 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 1 Kas\u0131m 1954’te ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Cezayir, 8 y\u0131l s\u00fcren ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesiyle bu u\u011furda en a\u011f\u0131r bedel \u00f6deyen \u00fclkelerden biri kabul edilirken, ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lar Fransa’n\u0131n Afrika’dan \u00e7ekilirken b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 “kara leke” olarak tarihe yaz\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fransa s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi alt\u0131nda zul\u00fcm y\u0131llar\u0131<\/p>\n

Fransa, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminde kalan Cezayir’i 1830’da i\u015fgal etti.<\/p>\n

Kuzey Afrika’daki di\u011fer s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerin aksine Cezayir’i topraklar\u0131na katan Paris, buraya 1 milyona yak\u0131n yerle \u015fimci g\u00f6ndererek kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

Fransa’n\u0131n iki d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 ve di\u011fer askeri operasyonlar\u0131nda daha fazla \u00f6zerklik vaadiyle silah alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cezayirliler, \u00fclkelerine d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f vatanda\u015f muamelesi g\u00f6rmeye devam etti.<\/p>\n

Cezayirlilerin e\u015fit \u015fartlarda siyasi temsil \u00e7abalar\u0131 da en kanl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k fitili ate\u015fleniyor<\/p>\n

Cezayir’in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k olu\u015fumu Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Cephesi (UKC), Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesini 1 Kas\u0131m 1954’te yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k bildirgesi ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilere kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015flatt\u0131. Fr ansa bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ya daha fazla asker y\u0131\u011farak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi.<\/p>\n

UKC, 1956-57 y\u0131llar\u0131 boyunca, Fransa’n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci askeri hedefleri, ordu devriyeleri, polis karakollar\u0131, ileti\u015fim ve ula\u015f\u0131m hatlar\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan bir\u00e7ok eylem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

UKC, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kahire’den, t\u00fcm Cezayirlilere, “ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, demokratik, egemen ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Cezayir devletinin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanma” \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc cumhuriyet sona erdi<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n titizlikle topraklar\u0131na entegre etti\u011fi Cezayir’i kaybetmek, Paris y\u00f6netimi ve Cezayir’de ikamet eden 1 milyonun \u00fczerindeki Frans\u0131z yerle\u015fimci, di\u011fer ad\u0131yla “kara ayak (pied noir)” taraf\u0131ndan tahayy\u00fcl edilebilecek bir durum de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Fransa ordusu, UKC’nin eylemlerine \u015fiddet ve bask\u0131y\u0131 art\u0131rarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi.<\/p>\n

Paris y\u00f6netiminin Cezayir’de ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu \u015fiddet, y\u0131ld\u0131rma ve i\u015fkence y\u00f6ntemleri yerel d\u00fczeyde Cezayirlilerin UKC arkas\u0131nda saflar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve Cezayir’in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesine uluslararas\u0131 deste\u011fi beraberinde getirdi.<\/p>\n

Cezayir sava\u015f\u0131, Fransa’da y\u00f6netimi yorgun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc ve 1958’de Paris’te h\u00fck\u00fcmet devrildi. B\u00f6ylece Fransa’n\u0131n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Cumhuriyeti sona erdi.<\/p>\n

Be\u015finci Cumhuriyet’in ba\u015f\u0131na May\u0131s 1958’te Fransa’n\u0131n II.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 lideri General Charles De Gaulle ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

De Gaulle’e darbe giri\u015fimi<\/p>\n

Fransa ve Cezayir taraf\u0131ndan memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131lanan De Gaulle’\u00fcn Ocak 1960’da UKC ile m\u00fczakereleri ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberi Afrika’daki Frans\u0131z yerle\u015fimcilerin tepkisine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131z ordusu i\u00e7inden bir grubun Nisan 1961’de General De Gaulle’e kar\u015f\u0131 darbe giri\u015fimi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fransa ve UKC 8 y\u0131ll\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Mart 1962’de Evian Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Ancak, Frans\u0131z ordusu ve istihbarat\u0131n\u0131n destekledi\u011fi yerle\u015fimci “kara ay ak” silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, Cezayir’deki sivillere kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kesmedi.<\/p>\n

1,5 milyon cana mal olan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k<\/p>\n

Cezayir, 8 y\u0131ll\u0131k m\u00fccadelenin ard\u0131ndan, Temmuz 1962’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen referandumda y\u00fczde 99,72 “evet” ile ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkede y\u0131llar s\u00fcren insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fta, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 milyon Cezayirli hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti, milyonlarca insan yerinden oldu.<\/p>\n

Gerek Fransa’da gerekse uluslararas\u0131 camiada sanat, sinema ve edebiyat d\u00fcnyas\u0131 Fransa’n\u0131n Cezayir’deki kara lekesini kabul etti.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Frans\u0131z sanat\u00e7\u0131lar, sat\u0131rlar\u0131na, tablolar\u0131na, eserlerine ve beyaz perdeye bu lekeyi yans\u0131tarak ge\u00e7mi\u015fle y\u00fczle\u015fmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ancak Fransa h\u00e2l\u00e2 Cezayir’de soyk\u0131r\u0131ma varan kanl\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmiyor.<\/p>\n

Sinema ve edebiyat d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00f6z\u00fcnden ka\u00e7mayan bu m\u00fccadele, hem Fransa hem de Cezayir tarihinde kapanmayacak yaralara yol a\u00e7arak iki \u00fclkeyi de derinden etkiledi.<\/p>\n

Cezayir ile Fransa aras\u0131nda 4 y\u0131ld\u0131r devam eden m\u00fczakereler<\/p>\n

Cezayir ve Fransa, yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt y\u0131ld\u0131r Paris’in s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin dosyalara ili\u015fkin d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kta m\u00fczakereler y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu ba\u015fl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda Fransa’n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi sonras\u0131nda ayr\u0131l\u0131rken g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cezayir’in tarihi ar\u015fivlerin teslimi yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Cezayir ayr\u0131ca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Cezayirli sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n Fransa’ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen kemiklerinin iadesini istiyor. Fransa, temmuz ay\u0131nda 24 Cezayirli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kafataslar\u0131n\u0131 Cezayir y\u00f6netimine teslim etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer bir tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131k Paris y\u00f6netiminin Cezayir topraklar\u0131nda 1960-1966 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u00fckleer denemeler.<\/p>\n

Fransa, s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemde 17 n\u00fckleer bomba denemesi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunurken, Cezayir makamlar\u0131 bu say\u0131n\u0131n 57 oldu\u011funu belirtiyor ve bu denemelerinin kurbanla r\u0131 i\u00e7in Fransa’dan tazminat talep ediyor.<\/p>\n

Son olarak, Cezayir, 1954-1962 y\u0131llar\u0131nda s\u00fcren ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ak\u0131beti bilinmeyen 2200 ki\u015fiye ili\u015fkin Fransa’dan bilgi talep ediyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fransa’n\u0131n Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci tarihinin en g\u00fcncel ve en kanl\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fini te\u015fkil eden Cezayir, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 milyon cana mal olan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":35614,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4594],"tags":[375,73,67],"yoast_head":"\n