Sinan Aky\u00fcz\u2019\u00fcn \u0130ncir Ku\u015flar\u0131<\/strong> roman\u0131n\u0131 okudunuz mu? 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Suada isimli g\u00fczeller g\u00fczeli bir Bo\u015fnak<\/strong> k\u0131z\u0131n, Bosna Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019<\/strong>nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 trajediyi anlat\u0131r. Gayet normal bir hayat\u0131 olan Suada, sevdi\u011fi \u00e7ocukla evlenme hayalleri kurarken sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde sistematik olarak defalarca kez tecav\u00fcze ve i\u015fkenceye u\u011frar. Daha da ac\u0131s\u0131, Suada\u2019ya tecav\u00fcz edenlerden biri, bir zamanlar ayn\u0131 okulda okudu\u011fu her g\u00fcn selam verdi\u011fi, hatta ona ilan-\u0131 a\u015fk eden s\u0131n\u0131f arkada\u015f\u0131 S\u0131rp \u00e7ocuktur. Evet, Suada bir roman karakteri. Ancak ger\u00e7ek olan bir \u015fey var ki, kitapta yaz\u0131lanlardan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 1992-1995 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 bin Bo\u015fnak kad\u0131n<\/strong> ya\u015fad\u0131 ve Suada; hayat\u0131, hayalleri, umutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131nan kad\u0131nlardan yaln\u0131zca biri. 1992\u2019de Bosna-Hersek\u2019te neler ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in biraz daha ge\u00e7mi\u015fe, sorunlar\u0131n temellerinin at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme gidelim ve hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

Bosna sava\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l ba\u015flad\u0131?<\/h2>\n

II. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Yugoslavya; Alman, \u0130talyan, Macar ve Bulgar<\/strong> ordular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edildi. Sava\u015f\u0131n hemen sonras\u0131nda kom\u00fcnist partinin sava\u015f d\u00f6nemindeki partizan lideri Josip Tito y\u00f6netime getirildi. 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda da Bosna Hersek, H\u0131rvatistan, Makedonya, Karada\u011f, S\u0131rbistan ve Slovenya<\/strong>‘dan olu\u015fan Yugoslavya Sosyalist Federal Cumhuriyeti kuruldu. Alt\u0131nc\u0131 cumhuriyet olan Bosna Hersek, ulus devlet yerine a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde \u00fc\u00e7 halk\u0131n ortak vatan\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131: Bo\u015fnaklar, S\u0131rplar ve H\u0131rvatlar. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan itibaren S\u0131rbistan\u2019dan Bosna Hersek\u2019e bir\u00e7ok S\u0131rp k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilerek b\u00f6lgede S\u0131rpla\u015ft\u0131rma politikalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Neden peki? Elbette M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131n n\u00fcfusunu azaltmak i\u00e7in. 1980 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde \u00fclkenin ba\u015fkan\u0131 Tito \u00f6l\u00fcnce, ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ve etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar da artt\u0131 ve 1990\u2019da Yugoslavya da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine girdi. O d\u00f6nemde Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 milletlerin \u00f6zerklik elde etme iste\u011fi de giderek artt\u0131. Slovenya ve H\u0131rvatistan, Haziran 1991\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. 1991 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n eyl\u00fcl\u00fcnde onlar\u0131 Makedonya takip etti. 1992\u2019de de Avrupa bu cumhuriyetleri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olarak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 resmen a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece Yugoslavya Sosyalist Federal Cumhuriyeti geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemez bir da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine girdi. Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rplar ise Slovenya ve H\u0131rvatistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmesi \u00fczerine Kas\u0131m 1991\u2019de, kendi kendilerine Bosna Hersek s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde S\u0131rp Cumhuriyeti kurduklar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. Tabi bu kabul edilemez bir durumdu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ortada resmiyete d\u00f6k\u00fclen bir \u015fey yoktu. Bunun \u00fczerine Mart 1992\u2019de Bosna Hersek Devleti\u2019nde halk ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in referanduma gitti. Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rplar ise oylamay\u0131 boykot etti. Ancak boykotlara ra\u011fmen Nisan 1992\u2019de \u201cBosna Hersek Devleti\u201d resmen kuruldu.<\/p>\n

20. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sessiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f<\/h2>\n

Bosna-Hersek<\/strong>‘in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmesinden rahats\u0131z olan S\u0131rplar, Bosna S\u0131rp Cumhuriyetini ilan ederek, Bosna-Hersek’ten ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Sonras\u0131nda ise daha fazla toprak almak h\u0131rs\u0131yla, Yugoslavya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve Ruslar\u0131n deste\u011fini alarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik etnik temizli\u011fe ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Y\u0131llarca ayn\u0131 topraklarda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131, ayn\u0131 dili konu\u015ftuklar\u0131, ayn\u0131 okula gittikleri, ayn\u0131 sofrada oturduklar\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131 ac\u0131mas\u0131zca katletmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6be\u011finde ya\u015fanan insanl\u0131k trajedisine t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u015fahit oldu. \u00dcstelik S\u0131rplar bu sava\u015fta b\u00fcy\u00fck avantaja sahipti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc eski Yugoslavya ordusunun e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131, askeri te\u00e7hizatlar\u0131n\u0131 ve silahlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Yugoslavya Devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 da sava\u015fta gizliden de olsa S\u0131rplar\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu. S\u0131rplar\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer alan sadece o da de\u011fildi. Bug\u00fcn Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cAvrupa\u2019da b\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclere al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n de\u011filiz\u201d diyen Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletler, 92\u2019de M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ac\u0131mas\u0131zca \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken y\u0131llarca bu katliama sessiz kald\u0131lar. Sessiz kalmak \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, katliamlar\u0131 da desteklediler. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlerin s\u00f6zde Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131 korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderdikleri generaller S\u0131rplarla e\u011flenceler d\u00fczenleyip kad\u0131nlara yap\u0131lan tecav\u00fczleri, Bosnal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmlerini kutlad\u0131. \u201cBu kadar da olmaz! Bu kadar\u0131n\u0131 da yapmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r\u201d dedi\u011fimiz ne varsa modern, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f, insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131 Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6zleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde, hem de Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n tam ortas\u0131nda yapt\u0131lar. Ku\u015fatma ya\u015fan\u0131rken, S\u0131rp keskin ni\u015fanc\u0131lar, Saraybosna\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcksek tepelerindeki mevzilere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 avlamak i\u00e7in adeta birbirleriyle yar\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. \u0130nsanlar evlerinden \u00e7\u0131kam\u0131yordu. Bakkala giden \u00e7ocuklar ise zikzak \u00e7izerek gitmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. S\u0131rf keskin ni\u015fanc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan vurulmamak i\u00e7in. Ve bu insanlar\u0131n tek su\u00e7u M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmalar\u0131yd\u0131. S\u0131rp kuvvetleri Bo\u015fnaklara kar\u015f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sava\u015f su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi. \u00dc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l devam eden sava\u015fta 300 binden fazla masum insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. 2 milyon ki\u015fi evini, vatan\u0131n\u0131 terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Markale, Ahmi\u00e7i, Srebrenitsa katliamlar\u0131<\/h3>\n

S\u0131rpl<\/strong>ar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra H\u0131rvatlar<\/strong> da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bo\u015fnaklara kar\u015f\u0131 etnik temizlik yap\u0131yordu. 16 Nisan 1993\u2019te H\u0131rvat Savunma Konseyi\u2019nin \u00f6zel birlikleri, Bosna-Hersek\u2019in Vitez \u015fehri yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki k\u00f6yleri ele ge\u00e7irdi. Bu k\u00f6ylerden biri de Ahmi\u00e7i k\u00f6y\u00fc<\/strong>yd\u00fc. H\u0131rvat askerleri<\/strong>, n\u00fcfusun neredeyse tamam\u0131 ayn\u0131 soyad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan k\u00f6y halk\u0131na, korkun\u00e7 bir katliam yapt\u0131. H\u0131rvatlar, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara olan nefretlerini katliam\u0131 Cuma namaz\u0131 saatine denk getirerek g\u00f6sterdi. \u00dc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k bebekten 82 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki ihtiyara kadar 116 masum insan ac\u0131mas\u0131zca, vicdans\u0131zca \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00d6lenlerin 43\u2019\u00fc kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuktu. \u00dcstelik H\u0131rvatlar onlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekle de yetinmedi, cesetlerini yakarak yok etti. Kanl\u0131 katliamlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi bir di\u011fer tarih de 5 \u015eubat 1994\u2019te ya\u015fand\u0131. S\u0131rp birlikleri Markale pazar yeri<\/strong>ni hedef ald\u0131. At\u0131lan havan topuyla, 68 sivil hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti, 144 ki\u015fi yaraland\u0131. S\u0131rplar yine sava\u015f\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerinde de \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katliam ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Tabii Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlerin deste\u011fiyle. 11 Temmuz 1995’te Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Srebrenitsa\u2019y\u0131 g\u00fcvenli b\u00f6lge ilan etti. Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131n silahlar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 Hollandal\u0131 askerlere emanet etti. Ratko Mladic komutas\u0131ndaki S\u0131rp birlikleri, Srebrenitsa<\/strong>\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal etti. Hollandal\u0131 askerler ne yapt\u0131 peki? Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131 kurbanl\u0131k koyun gibi S\u0131rplara teslim etti. General Ratko Mladi\u00e7<\/strong> \u201c\u015eimdi Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan, T\u00fcrklerden intikam alman\u0131n zaman\u0131 geldi\u201d diyerek katliam emrini verdi. Ve S\u0131rplar, 12-13 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklardan ba\u015flay\u0131p 70\u2019lik dedelere, ninelere kadar herkesi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Y\u0131llar sonra Hollanda, askerlerini g\u00fcya su\u00e7larm\u0131\u015f gibi komik cezalar verdi. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler zaten h\u00e2l\u00e2 bildi\u011finiz gibi meseleleri k\u0131namakla me\u015fgul. Bug\u00fcn Srebrenitsa\u2019da hala cenaze t\u00f6renleri d\u00fczenlenir. Her katliam y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc halen daha o katliamda yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131, babalar\u0131n\u0131, annelerini kaybeden insanlar bulabildikleri bir kemikle s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacak bir mezar bulman\u0131n tela\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeler. Ve bu insanlar art\u0131k yak\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00fcz\u00fclmeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p yak\u0131nlar\u0131na bir mezar bulman\u0131n sevincini ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bosna Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n!<\/h3>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n ac\u0131 izleri bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 y\u00fcrekleri da\u011flarken, Bosna<\/a> Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bo\u015fnaklara<\/strong> yap\u0131lan bu zul\u00fcmleri tekrar tekrar hat\u0131rlatmak istedik. Sizler de unutmay\u0131n diye! Sadece M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ac\u0131mas\u0131zca \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen insanlar\u0131, y\u0131llarca sistematik olarak tecav\u00fcze maruz kalan gencecik k\u0131zlar\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131, sava\u015fta a\u00e7l\u0131ktan bir somun ekme\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fen masumlar\u0131 unutmay\u0131n! Her f\u0131rsatta insan haklar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ederek, kendilerini \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f, modern olarak nitelendirip bu zul\u00fcmlere g\u00f6z yuman Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlerin ikiy\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc unutmay\u0131n!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sinan Aky\u00fcz\u2019\u00fcn \u0130ncir Ku\u015flar\u0131 roman\u0131n\u0131 okudunuz mu? 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Suada isimli g\u00fczeller g\u00fczeli bir Bo\u015fnak k\u0131z\u0131n, Bosna Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":54573,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4598],"tags":[4873,4812,770],"yoast_head":"\n