ABD<\/strong>\u2019nin insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleriyle g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi Guantanamo<\/strong> ile ilgili tam olarak neler biliyoruz? Guantanamo Hapishanesi nas\u0131l kuruldu, neden kuruldu? K\u0131saca hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m. Biliyorsunuz Guantanamo, K\u00fcba\u2019daki ABD askeri \u00fcss\u00fcnde. 1898 \u0130spanyol-Amerikan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kadar K\u00fcba, \u0130spanya s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada ABD, K\u00fcba<\/strong>\u2019ya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olma amac\u0131yla askeri m\u00fcdahalede bulunmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD ve K\u00fcba aras\u0131nda bir anla\u015fma imzaland\u0131. Doksan dokuz y\u0131l s\u00fcrmesi planlanan bu anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, Guantanamo K\u00f6rfezinde ABD\u2019ye ait gemilerin yak\u0131t ikmallerini sa\u011flama amac\u0131yla bir deniz \u00fcss\u00fc kuruldu, ancak 1938\u2019de anla\u015fman\u0131n s\u00fcresi \u201cs\u00fcresiz\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Ayr\u0131ca bu anla\u015fma, bu \u00fcss\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgenin tam yetki ve kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn ABD\u2019de oldu\u011funu tan\u0131d\u0131. 1991\u2019de Haiti askeri darbesinin ard\u0131ndan binlerce Haitili, deniz yoluyla ABD\u2019ye ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131, bunun ard\u0131ndan Guantanamo K\u00f6rfezinde s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici kamp in\u015fa edildi. 1990’larda askeri darbe sonucu \u00fclkelerinden ka\u00e7an Haitilileri bar\u0131nd\u0131ran \u00fcste, kamp\u0131n anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 8 Haziran 1993’e kadar g\u00f6\u00e7menler ikamet etti. 1993’te Amerikal\u0131 yarg\u0131\u00e7 Sterling Johnson kamp\u0131n anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa h\u00fckmetti. Son Haitili g\u00f6\u00e7menler de Guantanamo’yu 1 Kas\u0131m 1995’te terk etti.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fc hapishanesi<\/h2>\n

11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001\u2019e gelindi\u011finde, Amerika New York<\/strong>\u2019taki D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezi kulelerine ve Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 binas\u0131na d\u00fczenlenen sald\u0131r\u0131lardan sonra Afganistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal etti. D\u00f6nemin ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 George Bush, \u201cter\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda kirli bir politika izledi. ABD \u0130stihbarat\u0131, Orta Do\u011fu ve Afrika\u2019da ter\u00f6rle ili\u015fkili olduklar\u0131 iddias\u0131yla insanlar\u0131 tutuklamaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Guantanamo \u00fcss\u00fc tekrar kullan\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Tutuklular\u0131n, kanunlar\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklardan faydalanmamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in Amerikan yarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yetki alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sorgu h\u00fccreleri ve hapishaneler kuruldu. Ba\u015fta Afganistan olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ter\u00f6r \u015f\u00fcphelisi olarak ele ge\u00e7irilen ki\u015filer, i\u015fkencelerle sorgulanmak \u00fczere ABD d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Amerikan \u00fcslerindeki sorgu merkezlerine ve CIA taraf\u0131ndan kurulan gizli hapishanelere nakledildi. Bush y\u00f6netimi, 11 Ocak 2002\u2019de K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n Guantanamo K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nde bulunan ABD Donanma \u00dcss\u00fc\u2019nde ter\u00f6r \u015f\u00fcphelilerinin tutulaca\u011f\u0131 bir hapishane kurduklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re \u015fimdiye kadar Guantanamo\u2019da 797 \u015f\u00fcpheli tutuldu. Tabi bu veriler ne kadar ger\u00e7ek bilemiyoruz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fc hapishanesi olarak tan\u0131mlanan Guantanamo\u2019da ya\u015fananlar, kamuoyu ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u015fekilde payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Turuncu giysiler ve siyah kukuleta giydirilen zanl\u0131lar hep bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu oldu. Ba\u015fta insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri olmak \u00fczere uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar, bu anti- demokratik uygulamalara s\u00f6zde kar\u015f\u0131 geldi. Ancak tabi bunlar hapishaneyi kapatmaya yetmedi. Guantanamo Hapishanesi de hukuksuz i\u015fkencelerin, haks\u0131z tutuklamalar\u0131n ve savunmas\u0131z infazlar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck yer oldu.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc savunmak onur meselesidir\u201d<\/h3>\n

\u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc savunmak onur meselesidir\u201d Guantanamo’nun d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131 bu c\u00fcmle 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana kamp\u0131n slogan\u0131. Acaba kimin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, nas\u0131l savunuyorlar? T\u00fcrl\u00fc bahanelerle insanlar\u0131 tutuklay\u0131p, onlara ac\u0131mas\u0131zca i\u015fkence yaparken \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten nas\u0131l bahsedebiliyorlar merak ediyoruz. G\u00f6zalt\u0131 sebeplerine de bir bakal\u0131m. Afganistan i\u015fgalinden sonra Amerikan y\u00f6netimi Taliban ve El Kaide militanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 25 bin dolara kadar \u00f6d\u00fcl koymu\u015f, tutuklamalar en fazla bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. As\u0131ls\u0131z ihbarlar kimileri i\u00e7in kazan\u00e7 kap\u0131s\u0131 olurken sadece takt\u0131klar\u0131 belirli bir marka saat y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u015f\u00fcpheli konumuna d\u00fc\u015fen insanlar tutukland\u0131. Zira El Kaide ve Taliban militanlar\u0131 bu marka saatle, bombal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenliyordu s\u00f6zde. Tutuklananlar\u0131n en az 12’siyse 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fc. ABD\u2019li yetkililer ise tutuklamalar\u0131n savunma ama\u00e7l\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Yani Washington kendi deyimiyle ter\u00f6ristleri cepheden uzak tutuyordu. Fakat sava\u015f y\u0131llarca devam etti ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcreleri de belirsizle\u015fti b\u00f6ylece. 20 y\u0131ld\u0131r h\u00e2l\u00e2 hapishanede tutulanlar var. Peki, mahk\u00fbmlara ne t\u00fcr i\u015fkenceler uygulan\u0131yor?<\/p>\n

Karanl\u0131k zindan<\/h4>\n

Yedi s\u0131ra dikenli telle \u00e7evrili \u201ckaranl\u0131k zindan\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Guantanamo hapishanesi, kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden beri insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleriyle adeta \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fti. Pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi bu kamplarda i\u015fkenceye, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ve insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muameleye maruz kal\u0131yor. Sert sorgu teknikleri nedeniyle, insanlar su\u00e7lu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde s\u0131rf i\u015fkenceden kurtulmak i\u00e7in su\u00e7u \u00fcstleniyor. Guantanamo Kamp\u0131nda tutulanlara dar bir alanda hapsederek g\u00fcnlerce y\u00fczlerine su d\u00f6kmek suretiyle zorla uykusuz b\u0131rakma, elleri ve ayaklar\u0131 kelep\u00e7eli vaziyette k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kutular\u0131n i\u00e7ine hapsetme, v\u00fccudu parmakl\u0131klara kilitleyerek germe, a\u00e7l\u0131k grevi yapanlara zorla besin verilmesi gibi i\u015fkenceler yap\u0131l\u0131yor. 2002\u2019den bu yana hapishanede 9 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc biliniyor. Tabi do\u011fruysa. Raporlara g\u00f6re de bu ki\u015filerin de intihar etti\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor. \u00d6te yandan ABD askerleri tutuklulara i\u015fkence yapmakla da kalm\u0131yor ayn\u0131 zaman da \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131yor. Mahk\u00fbmlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde Kuran-\u0131 Kerim\u2019e bas\u0131l\u0131yor. Ramazan\u2019da oru\u00e7 tutanlara zorla yemek yediriliyor. 797 ki\u015finin tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Guantanamo\u2019da bug\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 ki\u015fi halen hapishanede. Macid Khan Guantanamo tutuklular\u0131ndan biri. Khan, 214 y\u0131l\u0131nda CIA ile ilgili bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131n ard\u0131ndan dikkatleri \u00fczerine \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. El Kaide muhbiri olmakla su\u00e7lanan Khan, “sava\u015f su\u00e7u i\u015fleme” su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla j\u00fcrinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Guantanamo’ya 2006’da getirilmeden \u00f6nce 3 y\u0131l bilmedi\u011fi bir \u00fclkede “karanl\u0131k mek\u00e2nlar” olarak nitelendirilen CIA yerle\u015fkelerinde tutuldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti Khan. Verdi\u011fi bir r\u00f6portajda hi\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rmedi\u011fini ve tek muhatab\u0131n\u0131n gardiyanlar ve CIA ajanlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015fti. Guantanamo\u2019daki ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle anlatt\u0131: \u201cSorgulamalar esnas\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre \u00e7\u0131plak \u015fekilde tavandan ba\u015f a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 sark\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131m, uyan\u0131k kalmam i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli \u00fczerime buzlu su at\u0131ld\u0131, bo\u011fulma derecesine gelene dek ba\u015f\u0131m suya sokuldu, d\u00f6v\u00fcld\u00fcm, cinsel tacize u\u011frad\u0131m ve g\u00fcnlerce a\u00e7 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131m. Onlara durmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yalvard\u0131m ve hi\u00e7bir \u015fey bilmedi\u011fime yemin ettim. E\u011fer verecek bir istihbarat\u0131m olsayd\u0131 zaten verirdim ama yoktu. Sorgulan\u0131rken \u00f6lece\u011fimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm.\u201d Bir g\u00fcn Khan, askerlerin ona verdi\u011fi yeme\u011fi reddetti. Askerler yemek yemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, an\u00fcs\u00fcnden bir k\u0131s\u0131m p\u00fcreyi i\u00e7ine enjekte ettiler.<\/p>\n

Guantanamo Hapishanesi kapat\u0131lacak m\u0131?<\/h4>\n

Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k i\u00e7in adayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klayan Barack Obama<\/strong>, Guantanamo<\/strong>‘yu kapatmay\u0131, se\u00e7im kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli vaatlerinden biri olarak duyurmu\u015ftu. Obama, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde de “ABD\u2019nin imaj\u0131nda kara bir leke” olarak de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi Guantanamo’yu kapatmak istedi\u011fini s\u00fcrekli vurgulad\u0131. Ancak s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tutmad\u0131 ve hapishane kapat\u0131lmad\u0131. Donald Trump ise 2016 se\u00e7im yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazanmas\u0131 durumunda Guantanamo hapishanesini kapatmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ter\u00f6rden tutuklananlar\u0131 orada tutmaya devam edece\u011fini vadetmi\u015fti. Hatta ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Guantanamo\u2019nun a\u00e7\u0131k kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kararname bile imzalad\u0131. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joe Biden da hem Obama d\u00f6neminde ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada hem de 2020 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Guantanamo<\/strong>‘nun kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturduktan sonra ise Biden \u015fimdiye kadar sadece bir Guantanamo tutuklusunu serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Guantanamo\u2019daki tutukl\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 39\u2019a indi. Hapishaneyi kapat\u0131r m\u0131? Sanm\u0131yoruz. \u0130\u015fte her f\u0131rsatta \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten, demokrasi ve adaletten s\u00f6z eden Amerika\u2019n\u0131n insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 asla umursamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bir kez daha \u015fahit olduk. Guantanamo Hapishanesi Amerika\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck utan\u00e7lar\u0131ndan sadece biri. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc savunman\u0131n bu kadar onursuzca yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yer buras\u0131. Umar\u0131z ki; hukuksuz i\u015fkencelerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Guantanamo art\u0131k kapat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ABD\u2019nin insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleriyle g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi Guantanamo ile ilgili tam olarak neler biliyoruz? Guantanamo Hapishanesi nas\u0131l kuruldu, neden kuruldu? K\u0131saca…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":54793,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4598],"tags":[5272],"yoast_head":"\n