T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong>, topraks\u0131z ve dikey tar\u0131m<\/strong> gibi son teknoloji tar\u0131msal faaliyetlere y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na h\u0131z verdi. \u00d6rt\u00fc alt\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye, d\u00fcnyada 4’\u00fcnc\u00fc, Avrupa’da ise 2’nci s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor. \u00d6rt\u00fc alt\u0131 \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131 2002’de 540 bin dekarken 2021’de y\u00fczde 58 art\u0131\u015fla 855 bin dekara ula\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’de, toplam sera alan\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 1,6’s\u0131na denk gelen 14 bin dekarda topraks\u0131z tar\u0131m metoduyla ihracata y\u00f6nelik \u00fcretim yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Topraks\u0131z tar\u0131mla \u00fcretimde\u00a0Antalya\u00a0ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131rken, Mersin, \u0130zmir,\u00a0Manisa\u00a0ve Afyonkarahisar, topraks\u0131z k\u00fclt\u00fcr seralar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar aras\u0131nda bulunuyor. Topraks\u0131z tar\u0131m sistemi, toprakta yap\u0131lan yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fe g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckler sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Modern i\u015fletmelerde y\u0131l boyu s\u00fcrekli \u00fcretim yap\u0131labilmesi ve birim alanda daha fazla bitkinin bulunmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 toprakta yap\u0131lan \u00fcretime g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek verim ve kalitede \u00fcr\u00fcn al\u0131n\u0131yor. Seralarda \u00fcr\u00fcn miktar ve kalitesinin artmas\u0131nda, uygun iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131yla yeterli ve dengeli bitki besleme programlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 etkili oluyor. Besin \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi do\u011frudan bitkinin k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesine verildi\u011fi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan su ve g\u00fcbrenin etkinli\u011fi art\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla daha az su ve g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130klim kontroll\u00fc seralarda genellikle hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131larla entegre m\u00fccadele y\u00f6ntemleri tercih ediliyor. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck ve modern i\u015fletmeler, yeti\u015ftirdikleri \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 85’ini yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na sat\u0131yor. Modern topraks\u0131z tar\u0131m seralar\u0131nda d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131lda yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc sa\u011flan\u0131yor. Bu seralarla y\u00fczde 21 oran\u0131nda mali rantabilite ve y\u00fczde 33,3 oran\u0131nda i\u00e7 karl\u0131l\u0131k elde edilebiliyor.<\/p>\n

Dikey tar\u0131m sistemleri<\/h2>\n

Son y\u0131llarda\u00a0n\u00fcfus\u00a0art\u0131\u015f\u0131,\u00a0g\u0131da\u00a0g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve g\u0131daya eri\u015fim, mevsimsel s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u00fcretim ve y\u00fcksek su t\u00fcketimi gibi problemler modern seralarda topraks\u0131z tar\u0131m \u015feklinde yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kentsel tar\u0131m i\u00e7in uygun topraks\u0131z ve dikey tar\u0131m<\/strong> fikrine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da h\u0131z kazand\u0131. Dikey tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, \u00f6zel led \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 gibi di\u011fer son teknolojiyle birle\u015ftirilen dikey y\u0131\u011f\u0131l\u0131 raflarda veya katmanlarda \u00fcr\u00fcn yeti\u015ftirme uygulamas\u0131yla geleneksel tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemlerine g\u00f6re 10 kat fazla verim sa\u011fl\u0131yor.\u00a0bu \u00fcretim metoduyla y\u00fczde 40 daha az\u00a0enerji\u00a0y\u00fczde 99 daha az su kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Dikey tar\u0131mla co\u011frafyadan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, topra\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olmadan her yerde y\u00fcksek verim ve kalitede \u00fcr\u00fcn elde edilirken, pazara ta\u015f\u0131nma s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan \u00fcr\u00fcn ve kalite kayb\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilebiliyor. Sistemle, 12 ay kesintisiz \u015fekilde taze ve besin de\u011feri y\u00fcksek \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin, zirai ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmadan sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u00fcretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebiliyor. Ayr\u0131ca, at\u0131l durumdaki fabrika, hangar, at\u00f6lye, bina, depo gibi t\u00fcm kapal\u0131 alanlar\u0131n sisteme dahil olma imkan\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Devlet destekli tar\u0131m<\/h2>\n

\u00d6rt\u00fc alt\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricilik yapmak isteyen \u00fcreticilere, “yat\u0131r\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda sa\u011flanan destekler”, “indirimli tar\u0131msal krediler”, “tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n desteklenmesi kapsam\u0131nda verilen destekler” ve “\u00fcretim a\u015famas\u0131nda verilen destekler” ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli destekler veriliyor. “Tar\u0131msal \u00dcretime Dair D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Faizli Yat\u0131r\u0131m ve \u0130\u015fletme Kredisi Kulland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Karar\u0131” kapsam\u0131nda, yat\u0131r\u0131m kredileri ile ilgili olarak, kontroll\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fc alt\u0131 \u00fcretme ko\u015fullar\u0131na sahip en az 10 dekar b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde sera kuracak, sera modernizasyonu yapacak ya da mevcut seras\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fini asgari 10 dekar ve \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karacak \u00fcreticilere y\u00fczde 50-100 indirim oranlar\u0131nda 50 milyon liral\u0131k \u00fcst limite kadar kredi kulland\u0131r\u0131labiliyor. Kontroll\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fc alt\u0131 \u00fcretim ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yararlanmayan \u00fcreticiler geleneksel bitkisel \u00fcretim ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 100 bin liraya kadar faizsiz kredilerden yararlanabiliyor. 100 bin lira ve \u00fczeri kredilerde ise belirlenen\u00a0faiz\u00a0indirim oranlar\u0131nda 5 milyon liraya kadar kredi verilebiliyor. K\u0131rsal Kalk\u0131nma Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 Destekleme Program\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fczde 50\u00a0hibe deste\u011fi\u00a0ve\u00a0Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u00a0K\u0131rsal Kalk\u0131nma Program\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda da illere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmekle birlikte y\u00fczde 55-65 oran\u0131nda hibe destekleri sa\u011flan\u0131yor. \u00d6rt\u00fc alt\u0131 \u00fcretim a\u015famalar\u0131nda da destekleme \u00f6demeleri yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye, topraks\u0131z ve dikey tar\u0131m gibi son teknoloji tar\u0131msal faaliyetlere y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na h\u0131z verdi. \u00d6rt\u00fc alt\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye, d\u00fcnyada…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":55252,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4596],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n