\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong> m\u00fccadelesi vermek zordur. \u00c7evreninizde bir s\u00fcr\u00fc zalim vard\u0131r. Bu m\u00fccadelenin en zorlu k\u0131sm\u0131 da tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z insanlar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr oldu\u011funa ikna etmektir. Harriet Tubman<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi de b\u00f6yleydi. Amerika\u2019<\/strong>da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc akl\u0131ndan dahi ge\u00e7irmeyen k\u00f6lelere asl\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcr olduklar\u0131n\u0131 inand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tubman\u2019\u0131n hikayesi; \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe inanm\u0131\u015f tek bir ki\u015finin m\u00fccadelesinin bile bazen yeterli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131n\u0131n ayaklar alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Amerika\u2019da, k\u00f6leli\u011fe sava\u015f a\u00e7an bir k\u00f6leydi Harriet Tubman. 1822 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ABD\u2019nin Maryland eyaletinde, k\u00f6le bir aile olan Rit Green ve Ben Ross\u2019un \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak d\u00fcnyaya geldi. As\u0131l ad\u0131 Araminta Ross olan Tubman<\/strong>, hen\u00fcz 5 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken sahibi Brodess taraf\u0131ndan, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na bakmak ve ev i\u015flerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir aileye sat\u0131ld\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fuyken g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi beyaz efendilerin evinde sistematik olarak \u015fiddete ve tacize maruz kald\u0131. Tubman, uyan\u0131p a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda k\u0131rba\u00e7land\u0131. T\u00fcrl\u00fc eziyete u\u011frad\u0131. 7 ya\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde sadece beyazlar\u0131n yemesine izin verilen \u201c\u015fekeri\u201d yedi\u011fi i\u00e7in dayak bile yedi. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fkencelere dayanamay\u0131p bir kere sahibinin evinden ka\u00e7t\u0131 ve be\u015f g\u00fcn boyunca d\u0131\u015far\u0131da kald\u0131. Ancak a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa daha fazla direnemeyince tekrar geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Tubman\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ocuklu\u011fu ve gen\u00e7li\u011fi, k\u00f6le olarak kiraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 yerlerde ge\u00e7ti. Tarlada \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak, y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mak ve hayvanlarla ilgilenmek gibi a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flere verildi. Tubman 12 ya\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde, kendisi gibi k\u00f6le bir arkada\u015f\u0131 ka\u00e7maya te\u015febb\u00fcs ederken, beyaz bir g\u00f6zetmen onu ba\u011flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in emir verdi. O ise bu emri yerine getirmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in feci \u015fekilde d\u00f6v\u00fcld\u00fc ve ba\u015f\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 darbe sonucu a\u011f\u0131r \u015fekilde yaraland\u0131. Pe\u015fini b\u0131rakmayan \u015fiddet, gen\u00e7li\u011finde \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu silinmeyecek bir hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olmu\u015ftu. Bu nedenle \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ekti ve epilepsi n\u00f6betleri ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe do\u011fru ilk ad\u0131m<\/h2>\n

Tubman, 1844 y\u0131l\u0131nda resmiyette \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr\u201d bir siyahi Amerikal\u0131 olan John Tubman ile evlendi. Ancak ne zaman \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten bahsetse e\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan efendilerine \u015fik\u00e2yet edilmekle tehdit ediliyordu. Art\u0131k bu tehditlerle ya\u015famak istemiyordu. O d\u00f6nemde Tubman’a beyaz olan kom\u015fusu taraf\u0131ndan bir k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t verildi. K\u00e2\u011f\u0131tta \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giden ilk evi nas\u0131l bulaca\u011f\u0131na dair bilgiler yer al\u0131yordu. Harriet Tubman \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe do\u011fru ilk ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 att\u0131. Gitti\u011fi evde bir arabaya bindirildi, \u00fczeri bir \u00e7uvalla kapat\u0131ld\u0131 ve bir sonraki hedefine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.\u00a0Pennsylvania yolunu izleyerek, ilk olarak Philadelphia’ya yerle\u015fti. Burada Yeralt\u0131 Demiryolunda Philadelphia \u0130stasyon Sorumlusu William Still ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0Still’in ve Philadelphia Anti-K\u00f6lelikle M\u00fccadele Derne\u011fi di\u011fer \u00fcyelerinin yard\u0131m\u0131yla Yeralt\u0131 Demiryolunun i\u015fleyi\u015fini \u00f6\u011frendi. Tubman k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Yeralt\u0131 Demiryolu\u2019nun lideri oldu.<\/p>\n

Siyahi k\u00f6leleri asl\u0131nda \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr\u201d olduklar\u0131na ikna etmek<\/h3>\n

Nihayet \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ancak bu onun i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildi. Kendi kendine, \u201c\u00c7izgiyi ge\u00e7tim. \u00d6zg\u00fcr\u00fcm. Ama beni bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00fclkesinde selamlayan kimse yok. Yabanc\u0131 bir \u00fclkede bir yabanc\u0131y\u0131m; Ne de olsa benim evim g\u00fcneyde, Maryland’de. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc babam, annem, erkek ve k\u0131z karde\u015flerim ve dostlar\u0131m orada. Ben \u00f6zg\u00fcrsem onlar da \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmal\u0131. Kuzeyde bir yuva kuraca\u011f\u0131m ve onlar\u0131 da buraya getirece\u011fim!\u201d <\/em>diyordu. Tekrar tekrar Maryland\u2019e d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Tubman, di\u011fer k\u00f6leleri de \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kavu\u015fturmakta kararl\u0131yd\u0131. Siyahi k\u00f6leleri asl\u0131nda \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr\u201d olduklar\u0131na inand\u0131rmak ise \u00e7ok zordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u00f6le olarak ya\u015famaya al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmekten korkuyorlard\u0131. Tubman y\u0131lmad\u0131. Aylarca onlar\u0131 ikna etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve 300\u2019den fazla siyahiyi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kavu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n

ABD kirli ge\u00e7mi\u015fini unutturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor<\/h3>\n

1850 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ka\u00e7ak K\u00f6leler Yasas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Kuzeyde bulunan ka\u00e7ak k\u00f6lelerin, g\u00fcneyde a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma ile sat\u0131lmalar\u0131na izin verilecekti. Harriet\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131na da 40 bin dolar civar\u0131nda \u00f6d\u00fcl konmu\u015ftu. Ancak bu durum onu korkutmad\u0131. 1851’de ailesinin \u00fcyelerini St. Catherines’e ta\u015f\u0131maya ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0St. Catherines’deki North Street, 1857’ye kadar onun operasyon \u00fcss\u00fc olarak kald\u0131. Oradayken, Yeralt\u0131 Demiryolunda faaliyetlerini finanse etmek i\u00e7in \u015fef olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve Cenevre Caddesi’ndeki Salem Chapel BME Kilisesi’ne kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u00a0Tubman, 1861\u2019de \u00fclkede ba\u015flayan \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u2019ta da direni\u015f g\u00f6sterdi. Amerika<\/a> Konfedere Devletleri\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 Birlik yan\u0131nda saf tutmay\u0131 k\u00f6leli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir f\u0131rsat olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Bu nedenle, k\u00f6leli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara destek verdi. Kuzeylilerin zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6leleri de esaretten kurtard\u0131. 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tubman\u2019\u0131n v\u00fccudu art\u0131k \u00e7ok zay\u0131f ve \u00e7elimsiz hale gelmi\u015fti. D\u00f6nemin gazetecileri, Tubman i\u00e7in \u201chasta ve be\u015f paras\u0131z\u201d man\u015fetleri at\u0131yordu. Tubman 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda zat\u00fcrre nedeniyle hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu. Geride ise kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczlerce insan\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131. Tubman bug\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak an\u0131l\u0131yor. ABD ise kirli ge\u00e7mi\u015fini Tubman\u2019\u0131n portresini 20 dolarl\u0131k banknotlar\u0131n \u00fczerine bast\u0131rarak unutturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Ancak Amerika\u2019n\u0131n siyahilere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zulm\u00fcn izleri ne yaparsa yaps\u0131n silinmiyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesi vermek zordur. \u00c7evreninizde bir s\u00fcr\u00fc zalim vard\u0131r. Bu m\u00fccadelenin en zorlu k\u0131sm\u0131 da tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z insanlar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr oldu\u011funa ikna…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":55359,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4598],"tags":[635,5419,979],"class_list":{"0":"post-55358","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-gundem","8":"tag-amerika","9":"tag-harriet-tubman","10":"tag-kolelik"},"yoast_head":"\n